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Metabolism and Enzymology

Sucrose Synthase in Developing Maize Leaves

Regulation of Activity by Protein Level during the Import to Export Transition

Laboratoire de Structure et Métabolisme des Plantes, CNRS (URA 1128), Université de Paris-Sud, Bât. 430, 91405 Orsay Cédex, France, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-7831, Department of Crop Science and Botany, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-7831

The maize (Zea mays) leaf is a valuable system to study the sucrose import to sucrose export transition at the cellular level. Rapidly growing and fully heterotrophic cells in the basal part of the young leaf showed a high sucrose synthase (SS) activity. Leaf SS has been purified to homogeneity. By comparison with purified kernel SS isozymes, the leaf SS has been identified as SS₂. SS₁ protein and SS₂ protein were clearly separated by electrophoresis and the two monomers differed in size by 6 kilodaltons. Nevertheless, kinetic parameters of both enzymes were very similar. Immunodetection of SS protein showed that in young heterotrophic tissues SS₂ was a major protein accounting for 3% of the total protein. Concurrent with greening, SS activity decreased and the change of activity was explained by regulation of the protein level. In mature green tissues, which are synthetizing sucrose as evidenced by the presence of sucrose phosphate synthase activity, SS activity was almost completely absent. Results suggested that down regulation of SS₂ enzyme protein level was an early event in the transition from import to export status of the leaf.

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