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Environmental and Stress Physiology

Enhanced Photosynthesis and Stomatal Conductance of Pima Cotton (Gossypium barbadense L.) Bred for Increased Yield ¹

United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Western Cotton Research Laboratory, Phoenix, Arizona 85040, Pima Cotton Breeding and Genetics, Maricopa, Arizona 85239, Department of Biology, Laboratory of Biomedical and Environmental Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90024

Yield of Pima cotton (Gossypium barbadense L.) has tripled over the last 40 years with the development of new cultivars. Six genetic lines representing successive stages in the breeding process (one primitive noncultivated accession, four cultivars with release dates from 1949 to 1983, and one unreleased breeding line) were grown in a greenhouse, and their gas exchange properties were compared. Among the cultivated types, genetic advances were closely associated with increasing single-leaf photosynthetic rate (A) and stomatal conductance (g_s), especially in the morning. The A and g_s of the primitive line approached those of the cultivated types early in the morning, but were much lower for the rest of the day. In both morning and afternoon, A was correlated with g_s across genotypes but was not correlated with leaf thickness, concentrations of chlorophyll or starch, or intercellular CO₂ concentration (c_i). In the oldest cultivar, the relationship of A to c_i did not change between morning and afternoon. In the two most recent lines, the slopes of the A:c_i curves at limiting c_i exceeded that of the oldest cultivar by 25 to 50% in the morning, but the differences were much smaller in the afternoon. The maximum A of the newer lines at high c_i exceeded that of the oldest cultivar only in the morning. Breeding for increasing yield has enhanced the photosynthetic capacity and stomatal conductance of Pima cotton and altered the diurnal regulation of photosynthesis.

¹ This work was supported in part by grant 89-37264-4616 from the U.S. Department of Agriculture Competitive Research Grants Office to E.Z.

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