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Published on November 6, 2009; 10.1104/pp.109.149013

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Received October 8, 2009
Accepted November 3, 2009

Nicotiana attenuata SIPK, WIPK, NPR1 and fatty acid-amino acid conjugates participate in the induction of JA biosynthesis by affecting early enzymatic steps in the pathway

Mario Kallenbach , Fiammetta Alagna , Ian Thomas Baldwin , and Gustavo Bonaventure *

Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Department of Molecular Ecology, Hans Knoll Str. 8, Jena 07745, Germany

* Corresponding author; email: gbonaventure{at}ice.mpg.de.

Wounding and herbivore attack elicit the rapid (within minutes) accumulation of jasmonic acid (JA) which results from the activation of previously synthesized biosynthetic enzymes. Recently, several regulatory factors that affect JA production have been identified; however, how these regulators affect JA biosynthesis remains at present unknown. Here we demonstrate that Nicotiana attenuata salicylate-induced protein kinase (SIPK), wound-induced protein kinase (WIPK), nonexpressor of PR-1 (NPR1) and the insect elicitor N-linolenoyl-glutamate (18:3-Glu) participate in mechanisms affecting early enzymatic steps of the JA biosynthesis pathway. Plants silenced in the expression of SIPK and NPR1 were affected in the initial accumulation of 13-hydroperoxy-linolenic acid (13-OOH-18:3) after wounding and 18:3-Glu elicitation by mechanisms independent of changes in 13-lipoxygenase (13-LOX) activity. Moreover, 18:3-Glu elicited an enhanced and rapid accumulation of 13-OOH-18:3 that depended partially on SIPK and NPR1 but was independent of increased 13-LOX activity. Together, the results suggested that substrate supply for JA production was altered by 18:3-Glu elicitation and SIPK- and NPR1-mediated mechanisms. Consistent with a regulation at the level of substrate supply, we demonstrated by virus-induced gene silencing that a wound repressed plastidial glycerolipase (NaGLA1) plays an essential role in the induction of de novo JA biosynthesis. In contrast to SIPK and NPR1, mechanisms mediated by WIPK did not affect the production of 13-OOH-18:3 but were critical to control the conversion of this precursor into 12-oxo-phytodienoic acid. These differences could be partially accounted for by reduced allene oxide synthase activity in WIPK-silenced plants.






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