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Plant Physiology 147:1451-1453 (2008) © 2008 American Society of Plant Biologists Membrane Trafficking: Intracellular Highways and Country Roads
Monitoring Editors
Membrane trafficking, or the flow of membrane material between endomembrane compartments and the plasmalemma, is essential for transport of proteins and other macromolecules to various destinations inside and outside of the cell. Membrane trafficking also underlies the fundamental need for cells to maintain cellular homeostasis, as well as to meet specific demands during signal perception and transduction. The pathways of membrane protein trafficking, starting from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), are long, branched, and occasionally even bidirectional. The blueprint of the endomembrane system is conserved among eukaryotes and comprises the ER, the Golgi apparatus, endosomes, and lytic compartments. The plant endomembrane system is apparently considerably more complex than in unicellular yeasts; the highly expanded protein repertoire devoted to the endomembrane system and vesicular processes inferred from plant genomes as well as its divergence from other kingdoms would argue for a system that has evolved to serve cellular strategies that best support the plant cell. The biosynthetic functions in the ER and Golgi are followed by sorting at the Golgi apparatus for antero-trafficking to the cell membrane or to lytic or storage vacuoles and retrograde trafficking back to the ER. Constitutive and signal-regulated endocytosis at the plasmalemma is followed by transport to the lytic vacuole or to the Golgi for sorting and recycling. Voluminous studies have been devoted in past decades to structurally and biochemically characterize the different endomembrane compartments and the processes each undertakes in overall cellular metabolism. Arrival of the post-genomic era, together with development of microscopic and computational tools in the last decade, has resulted in an explosion of studies, some reaffirming classical understanding, others uncovering new insights on the membrane trafficking machinery in plant cells as well as the cellular processes and whole plant-related phenomena that the endomembrane system supports. This Focus Issue is organized to provide both Updates and exciting new research articles on these recent findings and suggest paths to chart the future.
The Updates have been written by small teams of scientists who have impressive track records in their specific fields and they span a broad spectrum of topics central to membrane trafficking. The Staehelin and Kang (2008)
The involvement of a large number of regulatory molecules is discussed in the Updates on the small regulatory RAB and ARF GTPases by Nielsen et al. (2008)
Several Updates deal with aspects of membrane trafficking from the point of view of a particular physiological process. Kwon et al. (2008)
A large number of research manuscripts on different biological systems and based on a variety of approaches have been submitted to this Focus Issue. Among the articles in this issue are several studies based on root hairs and pollen tubes, polar growth cell types that are favorite model cell systems for studies in membrane trafficking. Monshausen et al. (2008)
Several studies explore the functional connection between structural or regulatory components of endomembrane compartments and cellular or developmental processes. Li et al. (2008)
From the Updates as well as the research articles, it becomes evident that membrane trafficking is a very active and vigorous area of plant research. We hope that readers will find this collection of use as a teaching tool and an important resource for research in the area. Expected next thrusts in the field are to mine genomics and transcriptomics databases and to use state-of-the-art proteomics approaches to identify structural and regulatory components of the endomembrane system. Examples of this can be found in the research report of Kamei et al. (2008)  on the combined use of bioinformatics and functional studies on PRA1, a membrane trafficking regulatory protein, and in the Groen et al. (2008) Update that reviews recent advanced proteomics to achieve more precise organellar assignment for proteins in the endomembrane system. What is emerging from a number of studies and Updates is that one simply cannot assume that plant counterparts of yeast or animal endomembrane proteins have the same function. Therefore, detailed genetic manipulations, biochemical analysis, and advanced imaging are indispensible to elucidate the precise biological role of the endomembrane system and its constituents.
We are very grateful to the authors of the Updates, the numerous reviewers who were mobilized, and staff members of the Plant Physiology Editorial Office who efficiently shepherded the entire process.
www.plantphysiol.org/cgi/doi/10.1104/pp.104.900266
Aker J, de Vries SC (2008) Plasma membrane receptor complexes. Plant Physiol 147: 1560–1564 Bassham DC, Blatt MR (2008) SNAREs: cogs and coordinators in signaling and development. Plant Physiol 147: 1504–1515 Bove J, Vaillancourt B, Kroeger J, Hepler PK, Wiseman PW, Geitmann A (2008) Magnitude and direction of vesicle dynamics in growing pollen tubes using spatiotemporal image correlation spectroscopy and fluorescence recovery after photobleaching. Plant Physiol 147: 1646–1658 Esseling-Ozdoba A, Vos JW, van Lammeren AAM, Emons AMC (2008) Synthetic lipid (DOPG) vesicles accumulate in the cell plate region but do not fuse. Plant Physiol 147: 1699–1709 Feraru E, Friml J (2008) PIN polar targeting. Plant Physiol 147: 1553–1559 Geldner N, Robatzek S (2008) Plant receptors go endosomal: a moving view on signal transduction. Plant Physiol 147: 1565–1574 Groen AJ, de Vries SC, Lilley KS (2008) A proteomics approach to membrane trafficking. Plant Physiol 147: 1584–1589 Guo W-J, Ho T-HD (2008) An abscisic acid-induced protein, HVA22, inhibits gibberellin-mediated programmed cell death in cereal aleurone cells. Plant Physiol 147: 1710–1722 Held MA, Boulaflous A, Brandizzi F (2008) Advances in fluorescent protein-based imaging for the analysis of plant endomembranes. Plant Physiol 147: 1469–1481 Kamei CLA, Boruc J, Vandepoele K, Van den Daele H, Maes S, Russinova E, Inzé D, De Veylder L (2008) The PRA1 gene family in Arabidopsis. Plant Physiol 147: 1735–1749 Kaneda M, Rensing KH, Wong JCT, Banno B, Mansfield SD, Samuels AL (2008) Tracking monolignols during wood development in lodgepole pine. Plant Physiol 147: 1750–1760 Konopka CA, Bednarek SY (2008) Comparison of the dynamics and functional redundancy of the Arabidopsis dynamin-related isoforms DRP1A and DRP1C during plant development. Plant Physiol 147: 1590–1602 Kwon C, Bednarek P, Schulze-Lefert P (2008) Secretory pathways in plant immune responses. Plant Physiol 147: 1575–1583 Lam SK, Cai Y, Hillmer S, Robinson DG, Jiang L (2008) SCAMPs highlight the developing cell plate during cytokinesis in tobacco BY-2 cells. Plant Physiol 147: 1637–1645 Li X, Chanroj S, Wu Z, Romanowsky SM, Harper JF, Sze H (2008) A distinct endosomal Ca2+/Mn2+ pump affects root growth through the secretory process. Plant Physiol 147: 1675–1689 Monshausen GB, Messerli MA, Gilroy S (2008) Imaging of the Yellow Cameleon 3.6 indicator reveals that elevations in cytosolic Ca2+ follow oscillating increases in growth in root hairs of Arabidopsis. Plant Physiol 147: 1690–1698 Nielsen E, Cheung AY, Ueda T (2008) The regulatory RAB and ARF GTPases for vesicular trafficking. Plant Physiol 147: 1516–1526 Paredez AR, Persson S, Ehrhardt DW, Somerville CR (2008) Genetic evidence that cellulose synthase activity influences microtubule cortical array organization. Plant Physiol 147: 1723–1734 Persia D, Cai G, Del Casino C, Faleri C, Willemse MTM, Cresti M (2008) Sucrose synthase is associated with the cell wall of tobacco pollen tubes. Plant Physiol 147: 1603–1618 Robinson DG, Jiang L, Schumacher K (2008) The endosomal system of plants: charting new and familiar territories. Plant Physiol 147: 1482–1492 Rojo E, Denecke J (2008) What is moving in the secretory pathway of plants? Plant Physiol 147: 1493–1503 Staehelin LA, Kang B-H (2008) Nanoscale architecture of endoplasmic reticulum export sites and of Golgi membranes as determined by electron tomography. Plant Physiol 147: 1454–1468 Van Damme D, Inzé D, Russinova E (2008) Vesicle trafficking during somatic cytokinesis. Plant Physiol 147: 1544–1552 Wang H-J, Wan A-R, Jauh G-Y (2008) An actin-binding protein, LlLIM1, mediates calcium and hydrogen regulation of actin dynamics in pollen tubes. Plant Physiol 147: 1619–1636 Yalovsky S, Bloch D, Sorek N, Kost B (2008) Regulation of membrane trafficking, cytoskeleton dynamics, and cell polarity by ROP/RAC GTPases. Plant Physiol 147: 1527–1543 Yoo C-M, Wen J, Motes CM, Sparks JA, Blancaflor EB (2008) A class I ADP-ribosylation factor GTPase-activating protein is critical for maintaining directional root hair growth in Arabidopsis. Plant Physiol 147: 1659–1674 This article has been cited by other articles:
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