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PLANT PHYSIOLOGY , Vol 104, Issue 4 1139-1149, Copyright © 1994 by American Society of Plant Biologists
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DEVELOPMENT AND GROWTH REGULATION |
Phytochrome A and Phytochrome B Have Overlapping but Distinct Functions in Arabidopsis Development
J. W. Reed, A. Nagatani, T. D. Elich, M. Fagan and J. Chory
Plant Biology Laboratory, The Salk Institute, P.O. Box 85800, San Diego, California 92186-5800 (J.W.R., T.D.E., M.F., J.C.)
Plant responses to red and far-red light are mediated by a family of
photoreceptors called phytochromes. In Arabidopsis thaliana, there are
genes encoding at least five phytochromes, and it is of interest to learn
if the different phytochromes have overlapping or distinct functions. To
address this question for two of the phytochromes in Arabidopsis, we have
compared light responses of the wild type with those of a phyA null mutant,
a phyB null mutant, and a phyA phyB double mutant. We have found that both
phyA and phyB mutants have a deficiency in germination, the phyA mutant in
far-red light and the phyB mutant in the dark. Furthermore, the germination
defect caused by the phyA mutation in far- red light could be suppressed by
a phyB mutation, suggesting that phytochrome B (PHYB) can have an
inhibitory as well as a stimulatory effect on germination. In red light,
the phyA phyB double mutant, but neither single mutant, had poorly
developed cotyledons, as well as reduced red-light induction of CAB gene
expression and potentiation of chlorophyll induction. The phyA mutant was
deficient in sensing a flowering response inductive photoperiod, suggesting
that PHYA participates in sensing daylength. In contrast, the phyB mutant
flowered earlier than the wild type (and the phyA mutant) under all
photoperiods tested, but responded to an inductive photoperiod. Thus, PHYA
and PHYB appear to have complementary functions in controlling germination,
seedling development, and flowering. We discuss the implications of these
results for possible mechanisms of PHYA and PHYB signal transduction.
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