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Plant Physiol, June 2000, Vol. 123, pp. 463-470
Subcellular Localization of Expansin mRNA in Xylem
Cells1,2
Kyung-Hoan
Im,
Daniel J.
Cosgrove, and
Alan M.
Jones*
Department of Biology, The University of North Carolina, Chapel
Hill, North Carolina 27599-3280 (K.-H.I., A.M.J.); and Department
of Biology, 208 Mueller Laboratory, The Pennsylvania State University,
University Park, Pennsylvania 16802 (D.J.C.)
Terminal differentiation of many
vascular cells involves cell wall changes. Cells first elongate their
primary wall, then lay down a lignified secondary wall, which is often
followed by digestion of the primary wall. Expansins are wall proteins
that regulate wall changes, but little is known about the specific functions of the many individual expansin isoforms. An in vitro cell
culture of synchronously differentiating tracheary elements was used to
identify three new expansins and to compare their expression kinetics
with the timing of wall changes. The genes encoding these expansins
from zinnia (Zinnia elegans), designated ZeExp1, ZeExp2, ZeExp3,
are expressed during cell elongation. ZeExp1 and
ZeExp2 mRNA decrease at the early stage of secondary wall formation, whereas ZeExp3 does not. In planta, all
three ZeExp mRNAs are found predominantly in a single
flank of cells adjacent to protoxylem and metaxylem vessels and in
cells roughly at the radial position of the fasicular and
interfasicular cambium. Furthermore, within these cells,
Exp mRNA is localized exclusively either to the apical
or basipetal end of cells depending on the expansin gene and organ,
providing the first evidence for polar localization of mRNA in plant
cells. ZeExp1 and ZeExp3 mRNA are localized at the apical tip, whereas ZeExp2 mRNA is
found in the basal tip. These observations indicate that these three
expansins are xylem cell specific and possibly involved in the
intrusive growth of the primary walls of differentiating xylem cells.
1
This work was supported by the Department of
Energy (grant no. DE-FG02-93ER13179 to D.J.C.), by the National
Science Foundation (grant no. IBN-9807801 to A.M.J.), and by the U.S.
Department of Agriculture.
2
This paper is dedicated to and in memory of
Prof. William C. Dickison.
*
Corresponding author; e-mail alan-jones{at}unc.edu; fax
919-962-1625.
© 2000 American Society of Plant Physiologists
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