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Plant Physiol, August 2001, Vol. 126, pp. 1646-1667

Phylogenetic Relationships within Cation Transporter Families of Arabidopsis1

Pascal Mäser,2 Sébastien Thomine,2 Julian I. Schroeder,2 John M. Ward,3 Kendal Hirschi,3 Heven Sze,3 Ina N. Talke,4 Anna Amtmann,4 Frans J.M. Maathuis,4 Dale Sanders,4 Jeff F. Harper,5 Jason Tchieu,5 Michael Gribskov,5 Michael W. Persans,6 David E. Salt,67* Sun A Kim,8 and Mary Lou Guerinot8

Division of Biology, Cell and Developmental Biology Section and Center for Molecular Genetics (P.M., J.I.S.) and San Diego Super Computer Center (J.T., M.G.), University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0116; Institut des Sciences du Végétal, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Avenue de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette cedex, France (S.T.); Department of Plant Biology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota 55108-1095 (J.M.W.); Plant Physiology Group, Baylor College of Medicine Children's Nutrition Research Center, Houston, Texas 77030 (K.H.); Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742-5815 (H.S.); The Plant Laboratory, Department of Biology, University of York, York YO10 5YW, United Kingdom (I.N.T., A.A., F.J.M.M., D.S.); Department of Cell Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037 (J.F.H.); Department of Chemistry, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona 86011 (M.W.P., D.E.S.); and Department of Biological Science, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755 (S.A.K., M.L.G.)

Uptake and translocation of cationic nutrients play essential roles in physiological processes including plant growth, nutrition, signal transduction, and development. Approximately 5% of the Arabidopsis genome appears to encode membrane transport proteins. These proteins are classified in 46 unique families containing approximately 880 members. In addition, several hundred putative transporters have not yet been assigned to families. In this paper, we have analyzed the phylogenetic relationships of over 150 cation transport proteins. This analysis has focused on cation transporter gene families for which initial characterizations have been achieved for individual members, including potassium transporters and channels, sodium transporters, calcium antiporters, cyclic nucleotide-gated channels, cation diffusion facilitator proteins, natural resistance-associated macrophage proteins (NRAMP), and Zn-regulated transporter Fe-regulated transporter-like proteins. Phylogenetic trees of each family define the evolutionary relationships of the members to each other. These families contain numerous members, indicating diverse functions in vivo. Closely related isoforms and separate subfamilies exist within many of these gene families, indicating possible redundancies and specialized functions. To facilitate their further study, the PlantsT database (http://plantst.sdsc.edu) has been created that includes alignments of the analyzed cation transporters and their chromosomal locations.

1 This research was supported by the National Science Foundation (grant no. DBI-0077378 to M.L.G., D.E.S., J.I.S., J.F.H., and M.G.), by The Human Frontiers Science Program fellowship program (support to P.M.), and by AstraZeneca (studentship to I.N.T.). The PlantsT database is partially supported by the resources of the National Biomedical Computation Resource (grant no. NIH/NCRR P41 RR-08605).

2 These authors were responsible for potassium transporter and NRAMP families.

3 These authors were responsible for the cation/H+ antiporter family.

4 These authors were responsible for the CNGC transporter family.

5 These authors were responsible for the bioinformatics and Web site development.

6 These authors were responsible for the CDF metal transporter family.

7 Present address: Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907-1165.

8 These authors were responsible for the ZIP metal transporter family.

* Corresponding author; e-mail salt{at}hort.purdue.edu; fax 765-494-0391.

© 2001 American Society of Plant Physiologists


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