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First published online April 9, 2002; 10.1104/pp.010785

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Plant Physiol, April 2002, Vol. 128, pp. 1264-1270

The alpha -Amylase Induction in Endosperm during Rice Seed Germination Is Caused by Gibberellin Synthesized in Epithelium1

Miyuki Kaneko, Hironori Itoh, Miyako Ueguchi-Tanaka, Motoyuki Ashikari, and Makoto Matsuoka*

BioScience Center, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan

We recently isolated two genes (OsGA3ox1 and OsGA3ox2) from rice (Oryza sativa) encoding 3beta -hydroxylase, which catalyzes the final step of active gibberellin (GA) biosynthesis (H. Itoh, M. Ueguchi-Tanaka, N. Sentoku, H. Kitano, M. Matsuoka, M. Kobayashi [2001] Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 98: 8909-8914). Using these cloned cDNAs, we analyzed the temporal and spatial expression patterns of the 3beta -hydroxylase genes and also an alpha -amylase gene (RAmy1A) during rice seed germination to investigate the relationship between GA biosynthesis and alpha -amylase expression. Northern-blot analyses revealed that RAmy1A expression in the embryo occurs before the induction of 3beta -hydroxylase expression, whereas in the endosperm, a high level of RAmy1A expression occurs 1 to 2 d after the peak of OsGA3ox2 expression and only in the absence of uniconazol. Based on the analysis of an OsGA3ox2 null mutant (d18-Akibare dwarf), we determined that 3beta -hydroxylase produced by OsGA3ox2 is important for the induction of RAmy1A expression and that the OsGA3ox1 product is not essential for alpha -amylase induction. The expression of OsGA3ox2 was localized to the shoot region and epithelium of the embryo, strongly suggesting that active GA biosynthesis occurs in these two regions. The synthesis of active GA in the epithelium is important for alpha -amylase expression in the endosperm, because an embryonic mutant defective in shoot formation, but which developed epithelium cells, induced alpha -amylase expression in the endosperm, whereas a mutant defective in epithelium development did not.

1 This work was supported in part by a grant-in-aid from the Program for Promotion of Basic Research Activities for Innovative Biosciences and by the Special Coordination Fund of the Science and Technology Agency (to M.M.).

* Corresponding author; e-mail makoto{at}nuagr1.agr.nagoya-u.ac.jp.; fax 81-52-789-5226.

© 2002 American Society of Plant Physiologists


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