First published online March 7, 2002; 10.1104/pp.010862
Plant Physiol, April 2002, Vol. 128, pp. 1313-1322
Identification of Arabidopsis Ethylene-Responsive Element Binding
Factors with Distinct Induction Kinetics after Pathogen
Infection1,[w]
Luis
Oñate-Sánchez and
Karam B.
Singh*
Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, Plant
Industry, Private Bag #5, Wembley, Western Australia 6913, Australia
Ethylene-responsive element binding factors (ERF)
proteins are plant-specific transcription factors, many of which have
been linked to stress responses. We have identified four Arabidopsis ERF genes whose expression was specifically induced by avirulent and
virulent strains of the bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas
syringae pv tomato, with overlapping but
distinct induction kinetics. However, a delay in ERF
mRNA accumulation after infection with the virulent strain was observed
when compared with the avirulent strain. The induction of
ERF gene expression in most cases preceded the mRNA accumulation of a basic chitinase gene, a potential downstream target
for one or more of these ERFs. The expression of the ERF genes was examined among different Arabidopsis tissues, in response to
the signaling molecules ethylene, methyl jasmonate, and salicylic acid
(SA), and in Arabidopsis mutants with decreased or enhanced susceptibility to pathogens, and significant differences were observed.
For example, in seedlings, some of the ERF genes were not induced by SA in the wild-type but were SA responsive in the pad4-1 mutant, suggesting that PAD4-1, which acts
upstream of SA accumulation, is also involved in repressing the
SA-induced expression of specific ERF genes. The four
ERF proteins were shown to contain transcriptional activation domains.
These results suggest that transcriptional activation cascades
involving ERF proteins may be important for plant defense to pathogen
attack and that some ERF family members could be involved in the
cross-talk between SA- and jasmonic acid-signaling pathways.
1
This work was supported in part by a
postdoctoral fellowship (to L.O.-S.) from Fundación Séneca
(Murcia, Spain).
*
Corresponding author; e-mail karam.singh{at}csiro.au; fax
61-8-93878991.
[w]
The online version of this article contains Web-only
data. The supplemental material is available at
www.plantphysiol.org.
© 2002 American Society of Plant Physiologists
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