First published online August 16, 2002; 10.1104/pp.006403
Plant Physiol, September 2002, Vol. 130, pp. 138-146
Movement of Potato Spindle Tuber Viroid Reveals Regulatory Points
of Phloem-Mediated RNA Traffic1
Yali
Zhu,
Yijun
Qi,
Yan
Xun,
Robert
Owens, and
Biao
Ding*
Department of Plant Biology and Plant Biotechnology Center, Ohio
State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210 (Y.Z., Y.Q., Y.X., B.D.); and
Molecular Plant Pathology Laboratory, Agricultural Research Services,
United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, Maryland 20705 (R.O.)
Increasing evidence indicates that the phloem mediates traffic of
selective RNAs within a plant. How an RNA enters, moves in, and exits
the phloem is poorly understood. Potato spindle tuber viroid (PSTVd) is
a pathogenic RNA that does not encode proteins and is not encapsidated,
and yet it replicates autonomously and traffics systemically within an
infected plant. The viroid RNA genome must interact directly with
cellular factors to accomplish these functions and is, therefore, an
excellent probe to study mechanisms that regulate RNA traffic. Our
analyses of PSTVd traffic in Nicotiana benthamiana
yielded evidence that PSTVd movement within sieve tubes does not simply
follow mass flow from source to sink organs. Rather, this RNA is
transported into selective sink organs. Furthermore, two PSTVd mutants
can enter the phloem to spread systemically but cannot exit the phloem
in systemic leaves of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum). A
viroid most likely has evolved structural motifs that mimic endogenous
plant RNA motifs so that they are recognized by cellular factors for
traffic. Thus, analysis of PSTVd traffic functions may provide insights
about endogenous mechanisms that control phloem entry, transport, and exit of RNAs.
1
This work was supported by the U.S. Department
of Agriculture National Research Initiative Competitive Grants Program
(grant nos. 97-35303-4519 and 2001-35303-11073 to B.D.).
*
Corresponding author; e-mail ding.35{at}osu.edu; fax
614-292-5379.
© 2002 American Society of Plant Physiologists
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