First published online May 1, 2003; 10.1104/pp.102.013722
Plant Physiology 132:907-925 (2003)
© 2003 American Society of Plant Biologists
GENETICS AND MOLECULAR EVOLUTION
Comparative Analysis of SET Domain Proteins in Maize and Arabidopsis Reveals Multiple Duplications Preceding the Divergence of Monocots and Dicots1,[w]
Nathan M. Springer,
Carolyn A. Napoli,
David A. Selinger,
Ritu Pandey,
Karen C. Cone,
Vicki L. Chandler,
Heidi F. Kaeppler and
Shawn M. Kaeppler*
Department of Agronomy, University of Wisconsin, 1575 Linden Drive, Madison, Wisconsin 53706 (N.M.S., H.F.K., S.M.K.); Department of Plant Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721 (C.A.N., V.L.C.); and Division of Biological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211 (K.C.C.); Pioneer Hi-Bred International, Inc., Johnston, Iowa 50131 (D.A.S.); and Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85724 (R.P.)
Histone proteins play a central role in chromatin packaging, and modification of histones is associated with chromatin accessibility. SET domain [Su(var)3-9, Enhancer-of-zeste, Trithorax] proteins are one class of proteins that have been implicated in regulating gene expression through histone methylation. The relationships of 22 SET domain proteins from maize (Zea mays) and 32 SET domain proteins from Arabidopsis were evaluated by phylogenetic analysis and domain organization. Our analysis reveals five classes of SET domain proteins in plants that can be further divided into 19 orthology groups. In some cases, such as the Enhancer of zeste-like and trithorax-like proteins, plants and animals contain homologous proteins with a similar organization of domains outside of the SET domain. However, a majority of plant SET domain proteins do not have an animal homolog with similar domain organization, suggesting that plants have unique mechanisms to establish and maintain chromatin states. Although the domains present in plant and animal SET domain proteins often differ, the domains found in the plant proteins have been generally implicated in protein-protein interactions, indicating that most SET domain proteins operate in complexes. Combined analysis of the maize and Arabidopsis SET domain proteins reveals that duplication of SET domain proteins in plants is extensive and has occurred via multiple mechanisms that preceded the divergence of monocots and dicots.
Article, publication date, and citation information can be found at www.plantphysiol.org/cgi/doi/10.1104/pp.102.013722.
1 This work was supported by the National Science Foundation (grant no. 9975930).
[w] The online version of this article contains Web-only data. The supplemental material is available at http://www.plantphysiol.org.
* Corresponding author; e-mail smkaeppl{at}facstaff.wisc.edu; fax 608–262–5217.
Received October 30, 2002;
returned for revision October 30, 2002;
accepted February 11, 2003.
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