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PLANTS INTERACTING WITH OTHER ORGANISMS

Systemic Gene Expression in Arabidopsis during an Incompatible Interaction with Alternaria brassicicola^1,[w]

Cooperative Research Centre for Tropical Plant Protection (P.M.S., K.K., J.M.M., J.P.A., D.J.M.), and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (P.M.S., J.P.A., R.S.S., D.J.M.), The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia; and Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization Plant Industry, Queensland Bioscience Precinct, 306 Carmody Road, St. Lucia, Queensland 4067, Australia (K.K., J.M.M.); and Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution of Washington, 260 Panama Street, Stanford, California 94305 (I.W.W., S.C.S.)

Pathogen challenge can trigger an integrated set of signal transduction pathways, which ultimately leads to a state of "high alert," otherwise known as systemic or induced resistance in tissue remote to the initial infection. Although large-scale gene expression during systemic acquired resistance, which is induced by salicylic acid or necrotizing pathogens has been previously reported using a bacterial pathogen, the nature of systemic defense responses triggered by an incompatible necrotrophic fungal pathogen is not known. We examined transcriptional changes that occur during systemic defense responses in Arabidopsis plants inoculated with the incompatible fungal pathogen Alternaria brassicicola. Substantial changes (2.00-fold and statistically significant) were demonstrated in distal tissue of inoculated plants for 35 genes (25 up-regulated and 10 down-regulated), and expression of a selected subset of systemically expressed genes was confirmed using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Genes with altered expression in distal tissue included those with putative functions in cellular housekeeping, indicating that plants modify these vital processes to facilitate a coordinated response to pathogen attack. Transcriptional up-regulation of genes encoding enzymes functioning in the -oxidation pathway of fatty acids was particularly interesting. Transcriptional up-regulation was also observed for genes involved in cell wall synthesis and modification and genes putatively involved in signal transduction. The results of this study, therefore, confirm the notion that distal tissue of a pathogen-challenged plant has a heightened preparedness for subsequent pathogen attacks.

¹ This research was partly supported by the Grains Research and Development Corporation of Australia (to J.M.M.) and by the U.S. Department of Energy and the Carnegie Institution of Washington (to S.C.S.).

^[w] The online version of this article contains Web-only data. The supplemental material is available at http://www.plantphysiol.org.

² Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization Plant Industry, G.P.O. Box 1600, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia.

^* Corresponding author; e-mail p.schenk{at}tpp.uq.edu.au; fax 61–7–3365–4771.

Received February 4, 2003; returned for revision February 26, 2003; accepted March 13, 2003.

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