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ENVIRONMENTAL STRESS AND ADAPTATION

Enhanced Low Oxygen Survival in Arabidopsis through Increased Metabolic Flux in the Fermentative Pathway¹

Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2E9 (K.P.I., M.D.P., A.G.G.); and Division of Plant Industry, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, G.P.O. Box 1600, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia (R.D., E.S.D.)

We manipulated the enzyme activity levels of the alcohol fermentation pathway, pyruvate decarboxylase (PDC), and alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) in Arabidopsis using sense and antisense overexpression of the corresponding genes (PDC1, PDC2, and ADH1). Transgenic plants were analyzed for levels of fermentation and evaluated for changes in hypoxic survival. Overexpression of either Arabidopsis PDC1 or PDC2 resulted in improved plant survival. In contrast, overexpression of Arabidopsis ADH1 had no effect on flooding survival. These results support the role of PDC as the control step in ethanol fermentation. Although ADH1 null mutants had decreased hypoxic survival, attempts to reduce the level of PDC activity enough to see an effect on plant survival met with limited success. The combination of flooding survival data and metabolite analysis allows identification of critical metabolic flux points. This information can be used to design transgenic strategies to improve hypoxic tolerance in plants.

¹ This work was supported in part by a Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) grant to A.G.G.

² R.D. is financially supported by the Cooperative Research Centre for Sustainable Rice Production, c/o New South Wales Institute of Agriculture, Private Mail Bag, Yanco, NSW 2703 Australia.

^* Corresponding author; e-mail allen.good{at}ualberta.ca; fax 780–492–9234.

Received February 25, 2003; returned for revision March 6, 2003; accepted March 21, 2003.

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