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First published online July 9, 2004; 10.1104/pp.104.042705

Plant Physiology 135:1388-1397 (2004)
© 2004 American Society of Plant Biologists

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CELL BIOLOGY AND SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION

Phototropins Mediate Blue and Red Light-Induced Chloroplast Movements in Physcomitrella patens1

Masahiro Kasahara, Takatoshi Kagawa2, Yoshikatsu Sato, Tomohiro Kiyosue3 and Masamitsu Wada*

National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, Aichi 444–8585, Japan (M.K., T. Kagawa, Y.S., T. Kiyosue, M.W.); Gene Research Center, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo 183–8509, Japan (M.K.); Solution Oriented Research for Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Corporation, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332–0012, Japan (T. Kagawa); and Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Graduate School of Tokyo Metropolitan University, Hachioji, Tokyo 192–0397, Japan (M.W.)

Phototropin is the blue-light receptor that mediates phototropism, chloroplast movement, and stomatal opening in Arabidopsis. Blue and red light induce chloroplast movement in the moss Physcomitrella patens. To study the photoreceptors for chloroplast movement in P. patens, four phototropin genes (PHOTA1, PHOTA2, PHOTB1, and PHOTB2) were isolated by screening cDNA libraries. These genes were classified into two groups (PHOTA and PHOTB) on the basis of their deduced amino acid sequences. Then phototropin disruptants were generated by homologous recombination and used for analysis of chloroplast movement. Data revealed that blue light-induced chloroplast movement was mediated by phototropins in P. patens. Both photA and photB groups were able to mediate chloroplast avoidance, as has been reported for Arabidopsis phot2, although the photA group contributed more to the response. Red light-induced chloroplast movement was also significantly reduced in photA2photB1photB2 triple disruptants. Because the primary photoreceptor for red light-induced chloroplast movement in P. patens is phytochrome, phototropins may be downstream components of phytochromes in the signaling pathway. To our knowledge, this work is the first to show a function for the phototropin blue-light receptor in a response to wavelengths that it does not absorb.

1 This work was partly supported by Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research from the Ministry of Education, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan (on Priority Areas, grant no. 13139203, and A, grant no. 13304061 to M.W.), by Solution Oriented Research for Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Corporation (grant to T. Kagawa), and by Research Fellowships of the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science for Young Scientists (grant to Y.S.).

2 Present address: Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305–8572, Japan.

3 Present address: Gene Research Center, Kagawa University, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa 761–0795, Japan.

Article, publication date, and citation information can be found at www.plantphysiol.org/cgi/doi/10.1104/pp.104.042705.

* Corresponding author; e-mail wada-masamitsu{at}c.metro-u.ac.jp; fax 81–426–77–2559.

Received March 15, 2004; returned for revision April 26, 2004; accepted April 26, 2004.




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