First published online September 3, 2004; 10.1104/pp.104.046482
Plant Physiology 136:2556-2576 (2004)
© 2004 American Society of Plant Biologists
The Potassium-Dependent Transcriptome of Arabidopsis Reveals a Prominent Role of Jasmonic Acid in Nutrient Signaling1,[w]
Patrick Armengaud*,
Rainer Breitling and
Anna Amtmann
Plant Sciences Group (P.A., R.B., A.A.), and Bioinformatics Research Centre (R.B.), Institute of Biomedical and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
Full genome microarrays were used to assess transcriptional responses of Arabidopsis seedlings to changing external supply of the essential macronutrient potassium (K+). Rank product statistics and iterative group analysis were employed to identify differentially regulated genes and statistically significant coregulated sets of functionally related genes. The most prominent response was found for genes linked to the phytohormone jasmonic acid (JA). Transcript levels for the JA biosynthetic enzymes lipoxygenase, allene oxide synthase, and allene oxide cyclase were strongly increased during K+ starvation and quickly decreased after K+ resupply. A large number of well-known JA responsive genes showed the same expression profile, including genes involved in storage of amino acids (VSP), glucosinolate production (CYP79), polyamine biosynthesis (ADC2), and defense (PDF1.2). Our findings highlight a novel role of JA in nutrient signaling and stress management through a variety of physiological processes such as nutrient storage, recycling, and reallocation. Other highly significant K+-responsive genes discovered in our study encoded cell wall proteins (e.g. extensins and arabinogalactans) and ion transporters (e.g. the high-affinity K+ transporter HAK5 and the nitrate transporter NRT2.1) as well as proteins with a putative role in Ca2+ signaling (e.g. calmodulins). On the basis of our results, we propose candidate genes involved in K+ perception and signaling as well as a network of molecular processes underlying plant adaptation to K+ deficiency.
1 This work was supported by the Biotechnology and Biological Science Research Council (grant nos. 17/P17237 and 17/G17989) and the Nuffield Foundation (grant no. NAL/00562/G).
[w] The online version of this article contains Web-only data.
Article, publication date, and citation information can be found at www.plantphysiol.org/cgi/doi/10.1104/pp.104.046482.
* Corresponding author; e-mail p.armengaud{at}bio.gla.ac.uk; fax 44–(0)141–330–4447.
Received May 15, 2004;
returned for revision July 30, 2004;
accepted August 2, 2004.
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