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BIOCHEMICAL PROCESSES AND MACROMOLECULAR STRUCTURES

Molecular Physiological Analysis of the Two Plastidic ATP/ADP Transporters from Arabidopsis^1,2

Pflanzenphysiologie, Fachbereich Biologie, Universität Kaiserslautern, D–67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany (J.R., L.L., W.J., H.E.N.); and Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824–1312 (N.L.)

Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) possesses two isoforms of plastidic ATP/ADP transporters (AtNTT1 and AtNTT2) exhibiting similar biochemical properties. To analyze the function of both isoforms on the molecular level, we examined the expression pattern of both genes by northern-blot analysis and promoter--glucuronidase fusions. AtNTT1 represents a sugar-induced gene mainly expressed in stem and roots, whereas AtNTT2 is expressed in several Arabidopsis tissues with highest accumulation in developing roots and young cotyledons. Developing lipid-storing seeds hardly contained AtNTT1 or -2 transcripts. The absence of a functional AtNTT1 gene affected plant development only slightly, whereas AtNTT2::T-DNA, AtNTT1-2::T-DNA, and RNA interference (RNAi) plants showed retarded plant development, mainly characterized by a reduced ability to generate primary roots and a delayed chlorophyll accumulation in seedlings. Electron microscopic examination of chloroplast substructure also revealed an impaired formation of thylakoids in RNAi seedlings. Moreover, RNAi- and AtNTT1-2::T-DNA plants showed reduced accumulation of the nuclear-encoded protein CP24 during deetiolation. Under short-day conditions reduced plastidic ATP import capacity correlates with a substantially reduced plant growth rate. This effect is absent under long-day conditions, strikingly indicating that nocturnal ATP import into chloroplasts is important. Plastidic ATP/ADP transport activity exerts significant control on lipid synthesis in developing Arabidopsis seeds. In total we made the surprising observation that plastidic ATP/ADP transport activity is not required to pass through the complete plant life cycle. However, plastidic ATP/ADP-transporter activity is required for both an undisturbed development of young tissues and a controlled cellular metabolism in mature leaves.

² This paper is dedicated to a nestor of plant physiology and great biologist, Prof. Dr. Dr. hc Erwin Latzko (Kranzberg, Germany), on the occasion of his 80th birthday.

Article, publication date, and citation information can be found at www.plantphysiol.org/cgi/doi/10.1104/pp.104.049502.

^* Corresponding author; e-mail neuhaus{at}rhrk.uni-kl.de; fax 0631–205–2600.

Received July 9, 2004; returned for revision September 10, 2004; accepted September 15, 2004.

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