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First published online December 23, 2004; 10.1104/pp.104.051714 Plant Physiology 137:328-340 (2005) © 2005 American Society of Plant Biologists B1-Phytoprostanes Trigger Plant Defense and Detoxification Responses1,[w]Julius-von-Sachs-Institute for Biosciences, Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Wuerzburg, D–97082 Wuerzburg, Germany (C.L., S.B., M.J.M.); Unité Mixte de Recherche Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 5074, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Montpellier, F–34093 Montpellier cedex 05, France (A.G., T.D.); Institut of Organic Chemistry, University of Wuerzburg, Am Hubland, D–97074 Wuerzburg, Germany (G.B., M.D.); and Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Gesellschaft für Strahlenforschung-National Research Center for Environment and Health, 85764 Oberschleissheim, Germany (U.v.R., J.D.)
Phytoprostanes are prostaglandin/jasmonate-like products of nonenzymatic lipid peroxidation that not only occur ubiquitously in healthy plants but also increase in response to oxidative stress. In this work, we show that the two naturally occurring B1-phytoprostanes (PPB1) regioisomers I and II (each comprising two enantiomers) are short-lived stress metabolites that display a broad spectrum of biological activities. Gene expression analysis of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) cell cultures treated with PPB1-I or -II revealed that both regioisomers triggered a massive detoxification and defense response. Interestingly, expression of several glutathione S-transferases, glycosyl transferases, and putative ATP-binding cassette transporters was found to be increased by one or both PPB1 regioisomers, and hence, may enhance the plant's capacity to inactivate and sequester reactive products of lipid peroxidation. Moreover, pretreatment of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) suspension cells with PPB1 considerably prevented cell death caused by severe CuSO4 poisoning. Several Arabidopsis genes induced by PPB1, such as those coding for adenylylsulfate reductase, tryptophan synthase
1 This work was supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, Bonn, Germany (grant no. SFB 567 to S.B., G.B., and M.J.M.) and by the Fonds der Chemischen Industrie. [w] The online version of this article contains Web-only data. Article, publication date, and citation information can be found at www.plantphysiol.org/cgi/doi/10.1104/pp.104.051714. * Corresponding author; e-mail martin.mueller{at}biozentrum.uni-wuerzburg.de; fax 0049–931–888–6182. Received August 14, 2004; returned for revision November 20, 2004; accepted November 22, 2004. This article has been cited by other articles:
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-chain, and PAD3 pointed to an activation of the camalexin biosynthesis pathway that indeed led to the accumulation of camalexin in PPB1 treated leaves of Arabidopsis. Stimulation of secondary metabolism appears to be a common plant reaction in response to PPB1. In three different plant species, PPB1-II induced a concentration dependent accumulation of phytoalexins that was comparable to that induced by methyl jasmonate. PPB1-I was much weaker active or almost inactive. No differences were found between the enantiomers of each regioisomer. Thus, results suggest that PPB1 represent stress signals that improve plants capacity to cope better with a variety of stresses. 
