First published online July 15, 2005; 10.1104/pp.105.063503
Plant Physiology 138:2337-2343 (2005)
© 2005 American Society of Plant Biologists
DEVELOPMENT AND HORMONE ACTION
Ethylene Inhibits Abscisic Acid-Induced Stomatal Closure in Arabidopsis1
Yoko Tanaka,
Toshio Sano,
Masanori Tamaoki,
Nobuyoshi Nakajima,
Noriaki Kondo and
Seiichiro Hasezawa*
Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, University of Tokyo, Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 2778562, Japan (Y.T., T.S., S.H.); Biodiversity Conservation Research Project, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058506, Japan (M.T., N.N.); and Division of Biosciences, Graduate School of Sciences and Engineering, Teikyo University of Science and Technology, Yatsusawa, Uenohara, Yamanashi 4090193, Japan (N.K.)
To examine the cross talk between the abscisic acid (ABA) and ethylene signal transduction pathways, signaling events during ABA-induced stomatal closure were examined in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) wild-type plants, in an ethylene-overproducing mutant (eto1-1), and in two ethylene-insensitive mutants (etr1-1 and ein3-1). Using isolated epidermal peels, stomata of wild-type plants were found to close within a few minutes in response to ABA, whereas stomata of the eto1-1 mutant showed a similar but less sensitive ABA response. In addition, ABA-induced stomatal closure could be inhibited by application of ethylene or the ethylene precursor 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC). In contrast, stomata of the etr1-1 and ein3-1 mutants were able to close in response to concomitant ABA and ACC application, although to a lesser extent than in wild-type plants. Moreover, expression of the ABA-induced gene RAB18 was reduced following ACC application. These results indicate that ethylene delays stomatal closure by inhibiting the ABA signaling pathway. The same inhibitive effects of ethylene on stomatal closure were observed in ABA-irrigated plants and the plants in drought condition. Furthermore, upon drought stress, the rate of transpiration was greater in eto1-1 and wild-type plants exposed to ethylene than in untreated wild-type control plants, indicating that the inhibitive effects of ethylene on ABA-induced stomatal closure were also observed in planta.
1 This work was supported in part by a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research on Priority Areas (grant no. 17051008) from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Japan (to S.H.).
Article, publication date, and citation information can be found at www.plantphysiol.org/cgi/doi/10.1104/pp.105.063503.
* Corresponding author; e-mail hasezawa{at}k.u-tokyo.ac.jp; fax 81471363706.
Received March 29, 2005;
returned for revision May 16, 2005;
accepted May 16, 2005.
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