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DEVELOPMENT AND HORMONE ACTION

Overexpression of TAPETUM DETERMINANT1 Alters the Cell Fates in the Arabidopsis Carpel and Tapetum via Genetic Interaction with EXCESS MICROSPOROCYTES1/EXTRA SPOROGENOUS CELLS¹

Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Singapore 138673 (S.-L.Y., L.J., C.S.P., L.-F.X., D.Y.); State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100094, China (X.-Q.Z., L.-Q.C., D.Y.); and Laboratory of Molecular and Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China (W.-C.Y.)

Previously, we reported that the TAPETUM DETERMINANT1 (TPD1) gene is required for specialization of tapetal cells in the Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) anther. The tpd1 mutant is phenotypically identical to the excess microsporocytes1 (ems1)/extra sporogenous cells (exs) mutant. The TPD1 and EMS1/EXS genes may function in the same developmental pathway in the Arabidopsis anther. Here, we further report that overexpression of TPD1 alters the cell fates in the Arabidopsis carpel and tapetum. When TPD1 was expressed ectopically in the wild-type Arabidopsis carpel, the number of cells in the carpel increased significantly, showing that the ectopic expression of TPD1 protein could activate the cell division in the carpel. Furthermore, the genetic analysis showed that the activation of cell division in the transgenic carpel by TPD1 was dependent on EMS1/EXS, as it did not happen in the ems1/exs mutant. This result further suggests that TPD1 regulates cell fates in coordination with EMS1/EXS. Moreover, overexpression of TPD1 in tapetal cells also delayed the degeneration of tapetum. The TPD1 may function not only in the specialization of tapetal cells but also in the maintenance of tapetal cell fate.

² Present address: College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, China.

³ Present address: Temasek Life Science Laboratory, 1 Research Link, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117604.

Article, publication date, and citation information can be found at www.plantphysiol.org/cgi/doi/10.1104/pp.105.063529.

^* Corresponding author; e-mail yede{at}cau.edu.cn; fax 86–10–62811760.

Received March 30, 2005; returned for revision June 1, 2005; accepted June 2, 2005.

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