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First published online October 28, 2005; 10.1104/pp.105.068171 Plant Physiology 139:1217-1233 (2005) © 2005 American Society of Plant Biologists The Cold-Induced Early Activation of Phospholipase C and D Pathways Determines the Response of Two Distinct Clusters of Genes in Arabidopsis Cell Suspensions1,[w]Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire des Plantes, Formation de Recherche en Évolution 2846, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Université Pierre et Marie Curie, F–94200 Ivry-sur-Seine, France (C.V., M.-N.V., J.-C.K., A.Z., E.R.); and Unité de Recherche en Génomique Végétale, Unité Mixte de Recherche, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique 1165, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 8114, F–91057 Evry, France (L.T., J.-P.R.)
In plants, a temperature downshift represents a major stress that will lead to the induction or repression of many genes. Therefore, the cold signal has to be perceived and transmitted to the nucleus. In response to a cold exposure, we have shown that the phospholipase D (PLD) and the phospholipase C (PLC)/diacylglycerol kinase pathways are simultaneously activated. The role of these pathways in the cold response has been investigated by analyzing the transcriptome of cold-treated Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) suspension cells in the presence of U73122 or ethanol, inhibitors of the PLC/diacylglycerol kinase pathway and of the phosphatidic acid produced by PLD, respectively. This approach showed that the expression of many genes was modified by the cold response in the presence of such agents. The cold responses of most of the genes were repressed, thus correlating with the inhibitory effect of U73122 or ethanol. We were thus able to identify 58 genes that were regulated by temperature downshift via PLC activity and 87 genes regulated by temperature downshift via PLD-produced phosphatidic acid. Interestingly, each inhibitor appeared to affect different cold response genes. These results support the idea that both the PLC and PLD pathways are upstream of two different signaling pathways that lead to the activation of the cold response. The connection of these pathways with the CBF pathway, currently the most understood genetic system playing a role in cold acclimation, is discussed.
1 This work was supported by the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, the Université Pierre et Marie Curie, and the Ministère de l'Enseignement Supérieur et de la Recherche. 2 These authors contributed equally to the paper. The author responsible for distribution of materials integral to the findings presented in this article in accordance with the policy described in the Instructions for Authors (www.plantphysiol.org) is: Eric Ruelland (eric.ruelland{at}snv.jussieu.fr). [w] The online version of this article contains Web-only data. Article, publication date, and citation information can be found at www.plantphysiol.org/cgi/doi/10.1104/pp.105.068171. * Corresponding author; e-mail eric.ruelland{at}snv.jussieu.fr; fax 00–33–1–44–27–61–51. Received July 8, 2005; returned for revision September 2, 2005; accepted September 7, 2005. This article has been cited by other articles:
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