First published online December 23, 2005; 10.1104/pp.105.070219
Plant Physiology 140:311-325 (2006)
© 2006 American Society of Plant Biologists
DEVELOPMENT AND HORMONE ACTION
Cell Wall Proteome in the Maize Primary Root Elongation Zone. I. Extraction and Identification of Water-Soluble and Lightly Ionically Bound Proteins1
Jinming Zhu,
Sixue Chen,
Sophie Alvarez,
Victor S. Asirvatham,
Daniel P. Schachtman,
Yajun Wu* and
Robert E. Sharp
Division of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211 (J.Z., R.E.S.); Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, Missouri 63132 (S.C., S.A., V.S.A., D.P.S.); and Department of Plants, Soils and Biometeorology, Utah State University, Logan, Utah 84322 (Y.W.)
Cell wall proteins (CWPs) play important roles in various processes, including cell elongation. However, relatively little is known about the composition of CWPs in growing regions. We are using a proteomics approach to gain a comprehensive understanding of the identity of CWPs in the maize (Zea mays) primary root elongation zone. As the first step, we examined the effectiveness of a vacuum infiltration-centrifugation technique for extracting water-soluble and loosely ionically bound (fraction 1) CWPs from the root elongation zone. The purity of the CWP extract was evaluated by comparing with total soluble proteins extracted from homogenized tissue. Several lines of evidence indicated that the vacuum infiltration-centrifugation technique effectively enriched for CWPs. Protein identification revealed that 84% of the CWPs were different from the total soluble proteins. About 40% of the fraction 1 CWPs had traditional signal peptides and 33% were predicted to be nonclassical secretory proteins, whereas only 3% and 11%, respectively, of the total soluble proteins were in these categories. Many of the CWPs have previously been shown to be involved in cell wall metabolism and cell elongation. In addition, maize has type II cell walls, and several of the CWPs identified in this study have not been identified in previous cell wall proteomics studies that have focused only on type I walls. These proteins include endo-1,3;1,4- -D-glucanase and  -L-arabinofuranosidase, which act on the major polysaccharides only or mainly present in type II cell walls.
1 This work was supported by the National Science Foundation, Plant Genome Program (grant no. DBI–0211842); the Missouri Agricultural Experiment Station (project no. MO–PSFCO355); and the Utah Agricultural Experimental Station (project no. UTA00366).
The author responsible for distribution of materials integral to the findings presented in this article in accordance with the policy described in the Instructions for Authors (www.plantphysiol.org) is: Yajun Wu (yajun.wu{at}usu.edu).
Article, publication date, and citation information can be found at www.plantphysiol.org/cgi/doi/10.1104/pp.105.070219.
* Corresponding author; e-mail yajun.wu{at}usu.edu; fax 435–797–3376.
Received August 19, 2005;
returned for revision October 4, 2005;
accepted November 7, 2005.
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