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First published online August 11, 2006; 10.1104/pp.106.083519

Plant Physiology 142:651-661 (2006)
© 2006 American Society of Plant Biologists

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SYSTEMS BIOLOGY, MOLECULAR BIOLOGY, AND GENE REGULATION

Down-Regulation of the 26S Proteasome Subunit RPN9 Inhibits Viral Systemic Transport and Alters Plant Vascular Development

Hailing Jin*, Songtao Li and Andy Villegas, Jr.

Center for Plant Cell Biology, Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Riverside, California 92521

Plant viruses utilize the vascular system for systemic movement. The plant vascular network also transports water, photosynthates, and signaling molecules and is essential for plant growth. However, the molecular mechanisms governing vascular development and patterning are still largely unknown. From viral transport suppressor screening using virus-induced gene silencing, we identified a 26S proteasome subunit, RPN9, which is required for broad-spectrum viral systemic transport. Silencing of RPN9 in Nicotiana benthamiana inhibits systemic spread of two taxonomically distinct viruses, Tobacco mosaic virus and Turnip mosaic virus. The 26S proteasome is a highly conserved eukaryotic protease complex controlling many fundamental biochemical processes, but the functions of many 26S proteasome regulatory subunits, especially in plants, are still poorly understood. We demonstrate that the inhibition of viral systemic transport after RPN9 silencing is largely due to alterations in the vascular tissue. RPN9-silenced plants display extra leaf vein formation with increased xylem and decreased phloem. We further illustrate that RPN9 functions at least in part through regulation of auxin transport and brassinosteroid signaling, two processes that are crucial for vascular formation. We propose that RPN9 regulates vascular formation by targeting a subset of regulatory proteins for degradation. The brassinosteroid-signaling protein BZR1 is one of the targets.

The author responsible for distribution of materials integral to the findings presented in this article in accordance with the policy described in the Instructions for Authors (www.plantphysiol.org) is: Hailing Jin (hailingj{at}ucr.edu).

www.plantphysiol.org/cgi/doi/10.1104/pp.106.083519

* Corresponding author; e-mail hailingj{at}ucr.edu; fax 951–827–4294.

Received May 12, 2006; accepted August 2, 2006; published August 18, 2006.


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