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Published on July 18, 2002; 10.1104/pp.003814

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Received February 5, 2002
Returned for revision February 27, 2002
Accepted April 26, 2002

Independent Activation of Cold Acclimation by Low Temperature and Short Photoperiod in Hybrid Aspen

Annikki Welling *, Thomas Moritz , E. Tapio Palva , and Olavi Junttila

Department of Biosciences, Division of Genetics, and Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 56, FIN--00014 University of Helsinki, Finland (A.W., E.T.P.); Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, The Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, S--90183 Umeå, Sweden (T.M.); Department of Plant Physiology and Microbiology, University of Tromsø, N--9037 Tromsø, Norway (O.J.); and Department of Applied Biology, P.O. Box 27, FIN--00014 University of Helsinki, Finland (O.J.)

* Corresponding author; email: welling{at}operoni.helsinki.fi.

Temperate zone woody plants cold acclimate in response to both short daylength (SD) and low temperature (LT). We were able to show that these two environmental cues induce cold acclimation independently by comparing the wild type (WT) and the transgenic hybrid aspen (Populus tremula L x Populus tremuloides Michx.) line 22 overexpressing the oat (Avena sativa) PHYTOCHROME A gene. Line 22 was not able to detect the SD and, consequently, did not stop growing in SD conditions. This resulted in an impaired freezing tolerance development under SD. In contrast, exposure to LT resulted in cold acclimation of line 22 to a degree comparable with the WT. In contrast to the WT, line 22 could not dehydrate the overwintering tissues or induce the production of dehydrins (DHN) under SD conditions. Furthermore, abscisic acid (ABA) content of the buds of line 22 were the same under SD and long daylength, whereas prolonged SD exposure decreased the ABA level in the WT. LT exposure resulted in a rapid accumulation of DHN in both the WT and line 22. Similarly, ABA content increased transiently in both the WT and line 22. Our results indicate that phytochrome A is involved in photoperiodic regulation of ABA and DHN levels, but at LT they are regulated by a different mechanism. Although SD and LT induce cold acclimation independently, ABA and DHN may play important roles in both modes of acclimation.




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