Plant Physiology Preview
Published on September 6, 2002; 10.1104/pp.006189
Received March 22, 2002
Returned for revision June 2, 2002
Accepted June 3, 2002
Identification and Biochemical Characterization of Mutants in the Proanthocyanidin Pathway in Arabidopsis
Sharon Abrahams *, Gregory J. Tanner , Philip J. Larkin , and Anthony R. Ashton
Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization-Plant Industry, G.P.O. Box 1600, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
* Corresponding author; email: sharon.abrahams{at}csiro.au.
Proanthocyanidin (PA), or condensed tannin, is a polymeric flavanol that accumulates in a number of tissues in a wide variety of plants. In Arabidopsis, we found that PA precursors (detected histochemically using OsO4) accumulate in the endothelial cell layer of the seed coat from the two-terminal cell stage of embryo development onwards. To understand how PA is made, we screened mature seed pools of T-DNA-tagged Arabidopsis lines to identify mutants defective in the synthesis of PA and found six tds (tannin-deficient seed) complementation groups defective in PA synthesis. Mutations in these loci disrupt the amount (tds1, tds2, tds3, tds5, and tds6) or location and amount of PA (tds4) in the endothelial cell layer. The PA intermediate epicatechin has been identified in wild type and mutants tds1, tds2, tds3, and tds5 (which do not produce PA) and tds6 (6% of wild-type PA), whereas tds4 (2% of wild-type PA) produces an unidentified dimethylaminocinnamaldehyde-reacting compound, indicating that the mutations may be acting on genes beyond leucoanthocyanidin reductase, the first enzymatic reduction step dedicated to PA synthesis. Two other mutants were identified, an allele of tt7, which has a spotted pattern of PA deposition and produces only 8% of the wild-type level of type PA as propelargonidin, and an allele of tt8 producing no PA. Spotted patterns of PA deposition observed in seed of mutants tds4 and tt7-3 result from altered PA composition and distribution in the cell. Our mutant screen, which was not exhaustive, suggests that the cooperation of many genes is required for successful PA accumulation.
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
|
|
 
S. Czemmel, R. Stracke, B. Weisshaar, N. Cordon, N. N. Harris, A. R. Walker, S. P. Robinson, and J. Bogs
The Grapevine R2R3-MYB Transcription Factor VvMYBF1 Regulates Flavonol Synthesis in Developing Grape Berries
Plant Physiology,
November 1, 2009;
151(3):
1513 - 1530.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. Zhao and R. A. Dixon
MATE Transporters Facilitate Vacuolar Uptake of Epicatechin 3'-O-Glucoside for Proanthocyanidin Biosynthesis in Medicago truncatula and Arabidopsis
PLANT CELL,
August 1, 2009;
21(8):
2323 - 2340.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Y. Lu, L. J. Savage, I. Ajjawi, K. M. Imre, D. W. Yoder, C. Benning, D. DellaPenna, J. B. Ohlrogge, K. W. Osteryoung, A. P. Weber, et al.
New Connections across Pathways and Cellular Processes: Industrialized Mutant Screening Reveals Novel Associations between Diverse Phenotypes in Arabidopsis
Plant Physiology,
April 1, 2008;
146(4):
1482 - 1500.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. Yoshida, R. Iwasaka, T. Kaneko, S. Sato, S. Tabata, and M. Sakuta
Functional Differentiation of Lotus japonicus TT2s, R2R3-MYB Transcription Factors Comprising a Multigene Family
Plant Cell Physiol.,
February 1, 2008;
49(2):
157 - 169.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. Bogs, F. W. Jaffe, A. M. Takos, A. R. Walker, and S. P. Robinson
The Grapevine Transcription Factor VvMYBPA1 Regulates Proanthocyanidin Synthesis during Fruit Development
Plant Physiology,
March 1, 2007;
143(3):
1347 - 1361.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. Bogs, M. O. Downey, J. S. Harvey, A. R. Ashton, G. J. Tanner, and S. P. Robinson
Proanthocyanidin Synthesis and Expression of Genes Encoding Leucoanthocyanidin Reductase and Anthocyanidin Reductase in Developing Grape Berries and Grapevine Leaves
Plant Physiology,
October 1, 2005;
139(2):
652 - 663.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. Salaita, R. K. Kar, M. Majee, and A. B. Downie
Identification and characterization of mutants capable of rapid seed germination at 10 {degrees}C from activation-tagged lines of Arabidopsis thaliana
J. Exp. Bot.,
August 1, 2005;
56(418):
2059 - 2069.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
I. R. Baxter, J. C. Young, G. Armstrong, N. Foster, N. Bogenschutz, T. Cordova, W. A. Peer, S. P. Hazen, A. S. Murphy, and J. F. Harper
A plasma membrane H+-ATPase is required for the formation of proanthocyanidins in the seed coat endothelium of Arabidopsis thaliana
PNAS,
February 15, 2005;
102(7):
2649 - 2654.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Shimada, K. Takahashi, Y. Sato, and M. Sakuta
Dihydroflavonol 4-reductase cDNA from non-Anthocyanin-Producing Species in the Caryophyllales
Plant Cell Physiol.,
September 15, 2004;
45(9):
1290 - 1298.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
I. Debeaujon, N. Nesi, P. Perez, M. Devic, O. Grandjean, M. Caboche, and L. Lepiniec
Proanthocyanidin-Accumulating Cells in Arabidopsis Testa: Regulation of Differentiation and Role in Seed Development
PLANT CELL,
November 1, 2003;
15(11):
2514 - 2531.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. J. Tanner, K. T. Francki, S. Abrahams, J. M. Watson, P. J. Larkin, and A. R. Ashton
Proanthocyanidin Biosynthesis in Plants: PURIFICATION OF LEGUME LEUCOANTHOCYANIDIN REDUCTASE AND MOLECULAR CLONING OF ITS cDNA
J. Biol. Chem.,
August 22, 2003;
278(34):
31647 - 31656.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
