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Published on November 7, 2002; 10.1104/pp.008250

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Received May 20, 2002
Returned for revision June 16, 2002
Accepted August 17, 2002

Temperature Response of Mesophyll Conductance. Implications for the Determination of Rubisco Enzyme Kinetics and for Limitations to Photosynthesis in Vivo

Carl J. Bernacchi , Archie R. Portis , Hiromi Nakano , Susanne von Caemmerer , and Stephen P. Long *

Departments of Plant Biology and Crop Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801 (C.J.B., A.R.P., S.P.L.); Photosynthesis Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Urbana, Illinois 61801 (C.J.B., A.R.P.); and Molecular Plant Physiology Group, Research School of Biological Sciences, Australian National University, Canberra City, Australian Capitol Territory 2601, Australia (H.N., S.v.C.)

* Corresponding author; email: stevel{at}life.uiuc.edu.

CO2 transfer conductance from the intercellular airspaces of the leaf into the chloroplast, defined as mesophyll conductance (gm), is finite. Therefore, it will limit photosynthesis when CO2 is not saturating, as in C3 leaves in the present atmosphere. Little is known about the processes that determine the magnitude of gm. The process dominating gm is uncertain, though carbonic anhydrase, aquaporins, and the diffusivity of CO2 in water have all been suggested. The response of gm to temperature (10°C-40°C) in mature leaves of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L. cv W38) was determined using measurements of leaf carbon dioxide and water vapor exchange, coupled with modulated chlorophyll fluorescence. These measurements revealed a temperature coefficient (Q10) of approximately 2.2 for gm, suggesting control by a protein-facilitated process because the Q10 for diffusion of CO2 in water is about 1.25. Further, gm values are maximal at 35°C to 37.5°C, again suggesting a protein-facilitated process, but with a lower energy of deactivation than Rubisco. Using the temperature response of gm to calculate CO2 at Rubisco, the kinetic parameters of Rubisco were calculated in vivo from 10°C to 40°C. Using these parameters, we determined the limitation imposed on photosynthesis by gm. Despite an exponential rise with temperature, gm does not keep pace with increased capacity for CO2 uptake at the site of Rubisco. The fraction of the total limitations to CO2 uptake within the leaf attributable to gm rose from 0.10 at 10°C to 0.22 at 40°C. This shows that transfer of CO2 from the intercellular air space to Rubisco is a very substantial limitation on photosynthesis, especially at high temperature.




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