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Published on October 15, 2002; 10.1104/pp.010363

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Received June 20, 2002
Returned for revision July 12, 2002
Accepted August 15, 2002

Characterization of the Genes Encoding the Cytosolic and Plastidial Forms of ADP-Glucose Pyrophosphorylase in Wheat Endosperm

Rachel A. Burton , Philip E. Johnson , Diane M. Beckles , Geoffrey B. Fincher , Helen L. Jenner , Mike J. Naldrett , and Kay Denyer *

John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Colney, Norfolk NR4 7UH, United Kingdom (P.E.J., H.L.J., M.J.N., K.D.); Department of Plant Science, Waite Campus, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond South Australia 5064, Australia (R.B., G.B.F.); and DuPont Agricultural Products, Newark, Delaware 19711-6104 (D.M.B.)

* Corresponding author; email: kay.denyer{at}bbsrc.ac.uk.

In most species, the synthesis of ADP-glucose (Glc) by the enzyme ADP-Glc pyrophosphorylase (AGPase) occurs entirely within the plastids in all tissues so far examined. However, in the endosperm of many, if not all grasses, a second form of AGPase synthesizes ADP-Glc outside the plastid, presumably in the cytosol. In this paper, we show that in the endosperm of wheat (Triticum aestivum), the cytosolic form accounts for most of the AGPase activity. Using a combination of molecular and biochemical approaches to identify the cytosolic and plastidial protein components of wheat endosperm AGPase we show that the large and small subunits of the cytosolic enzyme are encoded by genes previously thought to encode plastidial subunits, and that a gene, Ta.AGP.S.1, which encodes the small subunit of the cytosolic form of AGPase, also gives rise to a second transcript by the use of an alternate first exon. This second transcript encodes an AGPase small subunit with a transit peptide. However, we could not find a plastidial small subunit protein corresponding to this transcript. The protein sequence of the purified plastidial small subunit does not match precisely to that encoded by Ta.AGP.S.1 or to the predicted sequences of any other known gene from wheat or barley (Hordeum vulgare). Instead, the protein sequence is most similar to those of the plastidial small subunits from chickpea (Cicer arietinum) and maize (Zea mays) and rice (Oryza sativa) seeds. These data suggest that the gene encoding the major plastidial small subunit of AGPase in wheat endosperm has yet to be identified.




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