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Published on April 9, 2002; 10.1104/pp.010785

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Received August 27, 2001
Returned for revision November 2, 2001
Accepted January 7, 2002

The {alpha}-Amylase Induction in Endosperm during Rice Seed Germination Is Caused by Gibberellin Synthesized in Epithelium

Miyuki Kaneko , Hironori Itoh , Miyako Ueguchi-Tanaka , Motoyuki Ashikari , and Makoto Matsuoka *

BioScience Center, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464--8601, Japan

* Corresponding author; email: makoto{at}nuagr1.agr.nagoya-u.ac.jp..

We recently isolated two genes (OsGA3ox1 and OsGA3ox2) from rice (Oryza sativa) encoding 3ß-hydroxylase, which catalyzes the final step of active gibberellin (GA) biosynthesis (H. Itoh, M. Ueguchi-Tanaka, N. Sentoku, H. Kitano, M. Matsuoka, M. Kobayashi [2001] Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 98: 8909--8914). Using these cloned cDNAs, we analyzed the temporal and spatial expression patterns of the 3ß-hydroxylase genes and also an {alpha}-amylase gene (RAmy1A) during rice seed germination to investigate the relationship between GA biosynthesis and {alpha}-amylase expression. Northern-blot analyses revealed that RAmy1A expression in the embryo occurs before the induction of 3ß-hydroxylase expression, whereas in the endosperm, a high level of RAmy1A expression occurs 1 to 2 d after the peak of OsGA3ox2 expression and only in the absence of uniconazol. Based on the analysis of an OsGA3ox2 null mutant (d18-Akibare dwarf), we determined that 3ß-hydroxylase produced by OsGA3ox2 is important for the induction of RAmy1A expression and that the OsGA3ox1 product is not essential for {alpha}-amylase induction. The expression of OsGA3ox2 was localized to the shoot region and epithelium of the embryo, strongly suggesting that active GA biosynthesis occurs in these two regions. The synthesis of active GA in the epithelium is important for {alpha}-amylase expression in the endosperm, because an embryonic mutant defective in shoot formation, but which developed epithelium cells, induced {alpha}-amylase expression in the endosperm, whereas a mutant defective in epithelium development did not.




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