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Published on January 9, 2003; 10.1104/pp.012732

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Received August 14, 2002
Returned for revision October 9, 2002
Accepted November 7, 2002

Gene Expression in Autumn Leaves

Rupali Bhalerao , Johanna Keskitalo , Fredrik Sterky , Rikard Erlandsson , Harry Björkbacka , Simon Jonsson Birve , Jan Karlsson , Per Gardeström , Petter Gustafsson , Joakim Lundeberg , and Stefan Jansson *

Umea Plant Science Center, Department of Plant Physiology, Umea University, 901 87 Umea, Sweden (R.B., Jo.K., H.B., S.J.B., Ja.K., Per G., Pet. G., S.J.); and Department of Biotechnology, Kungliga Tekniska Högskolan, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm Center for Physics, Astronomy, and Biotechnology, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden (F.S., R.E., J.L.)

* Corresponding author; email: stefan.jansson{at}plantphys.umu.se.

Two cDNA libraries were prepared, one from leaves of a field-grown aspen (Populus tremula) tree, harvested just before any visible sign of leaf senescence in the autumn, and one from young but fully expanded leaves of greenhouse-grown aspen (Populus tremula x tremuloides). Expressed sequence tags (ESTs); 5,128 and 4,841, respectively) were obtained from the two libraries. A semiautomatic method of annotation and functional classification of the ESTs, according to a modified Munich Institute of Protein Sequences classification scheme, was developed, utilizing information from three different databases. The patterns of gene expression in the two libraries were strikingly different. In the autumn leaf library, ESTs encoding metallothionein, early light-inducible proteins, and cysteine proteases were most abundant. Clones encoding other proteases and proteins involved in respiration and breakdown of lipids and pigments, as well as stress-related genes, were also well represented. We identified homologs to many known senescence-associated genes, as well as seven different genes encoding cysteine proteases, two encoding aspartic proteases, five encoding metallothioneins, and 35 additional genes that were up-regulated in autumn leaves. We also indirectly estimated the rate of plastid protein synthesis in the autumn leaves to be less that 10% of that in young leaves.




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