Plant Physiology Preview Published on January 23, 2003; 10.1104/pp.013052
Received August 14, 2002
Returned for revision September 3, 2002
Accepted November 19, 2002
Analysis of the Small GTPase Gene Superfamily of Arabidopsis
Vanessa Vernoud , Amy C. Horton , Zhenbiao Yang , and Erik Nielsen *
Center for Plant Cell Biology and Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, California 92521 (V.V., Z.Y.); Biology Department, Washington University, Campus Box 1137, One Brookings Drive, St. Louis, Missouri 63130 (A.C.H., E.N.); and Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, Missouri 63132 (E.N.)
* Corresponding author; email: enielsen{at}danforthcenter.org.
Small GTP-binding proteins regulate diverse processes in eukaryotic cells such as signal transduction, cell proliferation, cytoskeletal organization, and intracellular membrane trafficking. These proteins function as molecular switches that cycle between "active" and "inactive" states, and this cycle is linked to the binding and hydrolysis of GTP. The Arabidopsis genome contains 93 genes that encode small GTP-binding protein homologs. Phylogenetic analysis of these genes shows that plants contain Rab, Rho, Arf, and Ran GTPases, but no Ras GTPases. We have assembled complete lists of these small GTPases families, as well as accessory proteins that control their activity, and review what is known of the functions of individual members of these families in Arabidopsis. We also discuss the possible roles of these GTPases in relation to their similarity to orthologs with known functions and localizations in yeast and/or animal systems.
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