Plant Physiol. Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics
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Published on January 16, 2003; 10.1104/pp.013425

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Received August 21, 2002
Returned for revision October 1, 2002
Accepted November 13, 2002

Metabolic Engineering of Valine- and Isoleucine-Derived Glucosinolates in Arabidopsis Expressing CYP79D2 from Cassava

Michael Dalgaard Mikkelsen and Barbara Ann Halkier *

Plant Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Plant Biology, The Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Copenhagen, Denmark; and Center for Molecular Plant Physiology, The Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Copenhagen, Denmark

* Corresponding author; email: bah{at}kvl.dk.

Glucosinolates are amino acid-derived natural products that, upon hydrolysis, typically release isothiocyanates with a wide range of biological activities. Glucosinolates play a role in plant defense as attractants and deterrents against herbivores and pathogens. A key step in glucosinolate biosynthesis is the conversion of amino acids to the corresponding aldoximes, which is catalyzed by cytochromes P450 belonging to the CYP79 family. Expression of CYP79D2 from cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz.) in Arabidopsis resulted in the production of valine (Val)- and isoleucine-derived glucosinolates not normally found in this ecotype. The transgenic lines showed no morphological phenotype, and the level of endogenous glucosinolates was not affected. The novel glucosinolates were shown to constitute up to 35% of the total glucosinolate content in mature rosette leaves and up to 48% in old leaves. Furthermore, at increased concentrations of these glucosinolates, the proportion of Val-derived glucosinolates decreased. As the isothiocyanates produced from the Val- and isoleucine-derived glucosinolates are volatile, metabolically engineered plants producing these glucosinolates have acquired novel properties with great potential for improvement of resistance to herbivorous insects and for biofumigation.




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