Plant Physiology Preview
Published on January 23, 2003; 10.1104/pp.014431
Received September 11, 2002
Returned for revision October 9, 2002
Accepted October 11, 2002
Functional Divergence of a Syntenic Invertase Gene Family in Tomato, Potato, and Arabidopsis
Eyal Fridman and Dani Zamir *
Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1048 (E.F.); and Department of Field and Vegetable Crops and The Otto Warburg Center for Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, P.O. Box 12, Rehovot 76100, Israel (D.Z.)
* Corresponding author; email: zamir{at}agri.huji.ac.il.
Comparative analysis of complex developmental pathways depends on our ability to resolve the function of members of gene families across taxonomic groups. LIN5, which belongs to a small gene family of apoplastic invertases in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum), is a quantitative trait locus that modifies fruit sugar composition. We have compared the genomic organization and expression of this gene family in the two distantly related species: tomato and Arabidopsis. Invertase family members reside on segmental duplications in the near-colinear genomes of tomato and potato (Solanum tuberosum). These chromosomal segments are syntenically duplicated in the model plant Arabidopsis. On the basis of phylogenetic analysis of genes in the microsyntenic region, we conclude that these segmental duplications arose independently after the separation of the tomato/potato clade from Arabidopsis. Rapid regulatory divergence is characteristic of the invertase family. Interestingly, although the processes of gene duplication and specialization of expression occurred separately in the two species, synteny-based orthologs from both clades acquired similar organ-specific expression. This similar expression pattern of the genes is evidence of comparable evolutionary constraints (parallel evolution) rather than of functional orthology. The observation that functional orthology cannot be identified through analysis of expression similarity highlights the caution that needs to be exercised in extrapolating developmental networks from a model organism.
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