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Published on June 12, 2003; 10.1104/pp.102.018564

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Received December 6, 2002
Returned for revision January 14, 2003
Accepted March 17, 2003

Calmodulin Is Involved in Heat Shock Signal Transduction in Wheat

Hong-Tao Liu , Bing Li , Zhong-Lin Shang , Xiao-Zhi Li , Rui-Ling Mu , Da-Ye Sun , and Ren-Gang Zhou *

Institute of Molecular Cell Biology, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050016, People's Republic of China (H.-T.L., B.L., Z.-L.S., R.-L.M., D.-Y.S., R.-G.Z.); and Institute of Agro-physics, Physiology, and Biochemistry, Hebei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050051, People's Republic of China (H.-T.L., B.L., X.-Z.L., R.-L.M., R.-G.Z.)

* Corresponding author; email: zhourengang{at}163.com.

The involvement of calcium and calcium-activated calmodulin (Ca2+-CaM) in heat shock (HS) signal transduction in wheat (Triticum aestivum) was investigated. Using Fluo-3/acetoxymethyl esters and laser scanning confocal microscopy, it was found that the increase of intracellular free calcium ion concentration started within 1 min after a 37°C HS. The levels of CaM mRNA and protein increased during HS at 37°C in the presence of Ca2+. The expression of hsp26 and hsp70 genes was up-regulated by the addition of CaCl2 and down-regulated by the calcium ion chelator EGTA, the calcium ion channel blockers LaCl3 and verapamil, or the CaM antagonists N-(6-aminohexyl)-5-chloro-1-naphthalenesulfonamide and chlorpromazine. Treatment with Ca2+ also increased, and with EGTA, verapamil, chlorpromazine, or trifluoperazine decreased, synthesis of HS proteins. The temporal expression of the CaM1-2 gene and the hsp26 and hsp70 genes demonstrated that up-regulation of the CaM1-2 gene occurred at 10 min after HS at 37°C, whereas that of hsp26 and hsp70 appeared at 20 min after HS. A 5-min HS induced expression of hsp26 after a period of recovery at 22°C after HS at 37°C. Taken together, these results indicate that Ca2+-CaM is directly involved in the HS signal transduction pathway. A working hypothesis about the relationship between upstream and downstream of HS signal transduction is presented.




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