Plant Physiol. email content delivery
HOME HELP FEEDBACK SUBSCRIPTIONS ARCHIVE SEARCH
QUICK SEARCH:   [advanced]


     

Plant Physiology Preview
Published on May 22, 2003; 10.1104/pp.103.021212

This Article
Right arrow Full Text (Plant Physiology Preview (PDF))
Right arrow All Versions of this Article:
132/2/1107    most recent
pp.103.021212v1
Right arrow Alert me when this article is cited
Right arrow Alert me if a correction is posted
Services
Right arrow Email this article to a friend
Right arrow Similar articles in this journal
Right arrow Similar articles in Web of Science
Right arrow Similar articles in PubMed
Right arrow Alert me to new issues of the journal
Right arrow Download to citation manager
Right arrow reprints & permissions
Citing Articles
Right arrow Citing Articles via HighWire
Right arrow Citing Articles via CrossRef
Right arrow Citing Articles via Web of Science (113)
Right arrow Citing Articles via Google Scholar
Google Scholar
Right arrow Articles by Gazzani, S.
Right arrow Articles by Dean, C.
Right arrow Search for Related Content
PubMed
Right arrow PubMed Citation
Right arrow Articles by Gazzani, S.
Right arrow Articles by Dean, C.
Agricola
Right arrow Articles by Gazzani, S.
Right arrow Articles by Dean, C.

Received February 4, 2003
Returned for revision February 24, 2003
Accepted March 28, 2003

Analysis of the Molecular Basis of Flowering Time Variation in Arabidopsis Accessions1[w]

Silvia Gazzani , Anthony R. Gendall , Clare Lister , and Caroline Dean *

Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, John Innes Centre, Colney Lane, Norwich NR4 7UH, United Kingdom

* Corresponding author; email: caroline.dean{at}bbsrc.ac.uk.

Allelic variation at the FRI (FRIGIDA) and FLC (FLOWERING LOCUS C) loci are major determinants of flowering time in Arabidopsis accessions. Dominant alleles of FRI confer a vernalization requirement causing plants to overwinter vegetatively. Many early flowering accessions carry loss-of-function fri alleles containing one of two deletions. However, some accessions categorized as early flowering types do not carry these deletion alleles. We have analyzed the molecular basis of earliness in five of these accessions: Cvi, Shakhdara, Wil-2, Kondara, and Kz-9. The Cvi FRI allele carries a number of nucleotide differences, one of which causes an in-frame stop codon in the first exon. The other four accessions contain nucleotide differences that only result in amino acid substitutions. Preliminary genetic analysis was consistent with Cvi carrying a nonfunctional FRI allele; Wil-2 carrying either a defective FRI or a dominant suppressor of FRI function; and Shakhdara, Kondara, and Kz-9 carrying a functional FRI allele with earliness being caused by allelic variation at other loci including FLC. Allelic variation at FLC was also investigated in a range of accessions. A novel nonautonomous Mutator-like transposon was found in the weak FLC allele in Landsberg erecta, positioned in the first intron, a region required for normal FLC regulation. This transposon was not present in FLC alleles of most other accessions including Shakhdara, Kondara, or Kz-9. Thus, variation in Arabidopsis flowering time has arisen through the generation of nonfunctional or weak FRI and FLC alleles.




This article has been cited by other articles:


Home page
 GeneticsHome page
C. Schwartz, S. Balasubramanian, N. Warthmann, T. P. Michael, J. Lempe, S. Sureshkumar, Y. Kobayashi, J. N. Maloof, J. O. Borevitz, J. Chory, et al.
Cis-regulatory Changes at FLOWERING LOCUS T Mediate Natural Variation in Flowering Responses of Arabidopsis thaliana
Genetics, October 1, 2009; 183(2): 723 - 732.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 GeneticsHome page
X. Zhang and J. O. Borevitz
Global Analysis of Allele-Specific Expression in Arabidopsis thaliana
Genetics, August 1, 2009; 182(4): 943 - 954.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USAHome page
G. C. K. Chiang, D. Barua, E. M. Kramer, R. M. Amasino, and K. Donohue
Major flowering time gene, FLOWERING LOCUS C, regulates seed germination in Arabidopsis thaliana
PNAS, July 14, 2009; 106(28): 11661 - 11666.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Mol PlantHome page
Y. He
Control of the Transition to Flowering by Chromatin Modifications
Mol Plant, July 1, 2009; 2(4): 554 - 564.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Plant CellHome page
C. Alonso-Blanco, M. G.M. Aarts, L. Bentsink, J. J.B. Keurentjes, M. Reymond, D. Vreugdenhil, and M. Koornneef
What Has Natural Variation Taught Us about Plant Development, Physiology, and Adaptation?
PLANT CELL, July 1, 2009; 21(7): 1877 - 1896.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Plant Physiol.Home page
N. Geraldo, I. Baurle, S.-i. Kidou, X. Hu, and C. Dean
FRIGIDA Delays Flowering in Arabidopsis via a Cotranscriptional Mechanism Involving Direct Interaction with the Nuclear Cap-Binding Complex
Plant Physiology, July 1, 2009; 150(3): 1611 - 1618.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Plant CellHome page
D. Jiang, X. Gu, and Y. He
Establishment of the Winter-Annual Growth Habit via FRIGIDA-Mediated Histone Methylation at FLOWERING LOCUS C in Arabidopsis
PLANT CELL, June 1, 2009; 21(6): 1733 - 1746.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Mol Biol EvolHome page
A. L. Caicedo, C. Richards, I. M. Ehrenreich, and M. D. Purugganan
Complex Rearrangements Lead to Novel Chimeric Gene Fusion Polymorphisms at the Arabidopsis thaliana MAF2-5 Flowering Time Gene Cluster
Mol. Biol. Evol., March 1, 2009; 26(3): 699 - 711.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Plant Physiol.Home page
A. C. Wollenberg, B. Strasser, P. D. Cerdan, and R. M. Amasino
Acceleration of Flowering during Shade Avoidance in Arabidopsis Alters the Balance between FLOWERING LOCUS C-Mediated Repression and Photoperiodic Induction of Flowering
Plant Physiology, November 1, 2008; 148(3): 1681 - 1694.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J Exp BotHome page
J. D. Wilkie, M. Sedgley, and T. Olesen
Regulation of floral initiation in horticultural trees
J. Exp. Bot., September 1, 2008; 59(12): 3215 - 3228.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Plant Physiol.Home page
S. Y. Kim, X. Yu, and S. D. Michaels
Regulation of CONSTANS and FLOWERING LOCUS T Expression in Response to Changing Light Quality
Plant Physiology, September 1, 2008; 148(1): 269 - 279.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Plant Physiol.Home page
K. M. Veley and S. D. Michaels
Functional Redundancy and New Roles for Genes of the Autonomous Floral-Promotion Pathway
Plant Physiology, June 1, 2008; 147(2): 682 - 695.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J Exp BotHome page
A. Lazaro, A. Gomez-Zambrano, L. Lopez-Gonzalez, M. Pineiro, and J. A. Jarillo
Mutations in the Arabidopsis SWC6 gene, encoding a component of the SWR1 chromatin remodelling complex, accelerate flowering time and alter leaf and flower development
J. Exp. Bot., February 21, 2008; (2008) erm332v1.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Plant Cell PhysiolHome page
C. R. Andersson, C. A. Helliwell, D. J. Bagnall, T. P. Hughes, E. J. Finnegan, W. J. Peacock, and E. S. Dennis
The FLX Gene of Arabidopsis is Required for FRI-Dependent Activation of FLC Expression
Plant Cell Physiol., February 1, 2008; 49(2): 191 - 200.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Mol Biol EvolHome page
H. Kuittinen, A. Niittyvuopio, P. Rinne, and O. Savolainen
Natural Variation in Arabidopsis lyrata Vernalization Requirement Conferred by a FRIGIDA Indel Polymorphism
Mol. Biol. Evol., February 1, 2008; 25(2): 319 - 329.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USAHome page
N. Scarcelli, J. M. Cheverud, B. A. Schaal, and P. X. Kover
Antagonistic pleiotropic effects reduce the potential adaptive value of the FRIGIDA locus
PNAS, October 23, 2007; 104(43): 16986 - 16991.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J Exp BotHome page
T. H. Kebrom and T. P. Brutnell
The molecular analysis of the shade avoidance syndrome in the grasses has begun
J. Exp. Bot., October 5, 2007; (2007) erm205v1.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 ANN BOT (LOND)Home page
C. Shindo, G. Bernasconi, and C. S. Hardtke
Natural Genetic Variation in Arabidopsis: Tools, Traits and Prospects for Evolutionary Ecology
Ann. Bot., June 1, 2007; 99(6): 1043 - 1054.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Crop Sci.Home page
C. F. Weil and R.-A. Monde
Getting the Point--Mutations in Maize
Crop Sci., January 1, 2007; 47(Supplement_1): S-60 - S-67.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Plant Physiol.Home page
M. R. Schlappi
FRIGIDA LIKE 2 Is a Functional Allele in Landsberg erecta and Compensates for a Nonsense Allele of FRIGIDA LIKE 1
Plant Physiology, December 1, 2006; 142(4): 1728 - 1738.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Plant CellHome page
S. Kim, K. Choi, C. Park, H.-J. Hwang, and I. Lee
SUPPRESSOR OF FRIGIDA4, Encoding a C2H2-Type Zinc Finger Protein, Represses Flowering by Transcriptional Activation of Arabidopsis FLOWERING LOCUS C
PLANT CELL, November 1, 2006; 18(11): 2985 - 2998.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J Exp BotHome page
S Marquardt, P. Boss, J Hadfield, and C Dean
Additional targets of the Arabidopsis autonomous pathway members, FCA and FY
J. Exp. Bot., October 1, 2006; 57(13): 3379 - 3386.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J Exp BotHome page
S. Guyomarc'h, M. Benhamed, G. Lemonnier, J.-P. Renou, D.-X. Zhou, and M. Delarue
MGOUN3: evidence for chromatin-mediated regulation of FLC expression
J. Exp. Bot., June 1, 2006; 57(9): 2111 - 2119.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 GeneticsHome page
J. Wang, L. Tian, H.-S. Lee, and Z. J. Chen
Nonadditive Regulation of FRI and FLC Loci Mediates Flowering-Time Variation in Arabidopsis Allopolyploids
Genetics, June 1, 2006; 173(2): 965 - 974.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 DevelopmentHome page
M. Martin-Trillo, A. Lazaro, R. S. Poethig, C. Gomez-Mena, M. A. Pineiro, J. M. Martinez-Zapater, and J. A. Jarillo
EARLY IN SHORT DAYS 1 (ESD1) encodes ACTIN-RELATED PROTEIN 6 (AtARP6), a putative component of chromatin remodelling complexes that positively regulates FLC accumulation in Arabidopsis
Development, April 1, 2006; 133(7): 1241 - 1252.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Plant Physiol.Home page
C. Darrah, B. L. Taylor, K. D. Edwards, P. E. Brown, A. Hall, and H. G. McWatters
Analysis of Phase of LUCIFERASE Expression Reveals Novel Circadian Quantitative Trait Loci in Arabidopsis
Plant Physiology, April 1, 2006; 140(4): 1464 - 1474.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Plant CellHome page
K. D. Edwards, P. E. Anderson, A. Hall, N. S. Salathia, J. C.W. Locke, J. R. Lynn, M. Straume, J. Q. Smith, and A. J. Millar
FLOWERING LOCUS C Mediates Natural Variation in the High-Temperature Response of the Arabidopsis Circadian Clock
PLANT CELL, March 1, 2006; 18(3): 639 - 650.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 GeneticsHome page
M. E. El-Lithy, L. Bentsink, C. J. Hanhart, G. J. Ruys, D. Rovito, J. L. M. Broekhof, H. J. A. van der Poel, M. J. T. van Eijk, D. Vreugdenhil, and M. Koornneef
New Arabidopsis Recombinant Inbred Line Populations Genotyped Using SNPWave and Their Use for Mapping Flowering-Time Quantitative Trait Loci
Genetics, March 1, 2006; 172(3): 1867 - 1876.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Plant Physiol.Home page
A. K. Grennan
Variations on a Theme. Regulation of Flowering Time in Arabidopsis
Plant Physiology, February 1, 2006; 140(2): 399 - 400.
[Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 DevelopmentHome page
R. J. Schmitz, L. Hong, S. Michaels, and R. M. Amasino
FRIGIDA-ESSENTIAL 1 interacts genetically with FRIGIDA and FRIGIDA-LIKE 1 to promote the winter-annual habit of Arabidopsis thaliana
Development, December 15, 2005; 132(24): 5471 - 5478.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Plant CellHome page
S. Y. Kim, Y. He, Y. Jacob, Y.-S. Noh, S. Michaels, and R. Amasino
Establishment of the Vernalization-Responsive, Winter-Annual Habit in Arabidopsis Requires a Putative Histone H3 Methyl Transferase
PLANT CELL, December 1, 2005; 17(12): 3301 - 3310.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Am. J. Bot.Home page
J. R. Stinchcombe, A. L. Caicedo, R. Hopkins, C. Mays, E. W. Boyd, M. D. Purugganan, and J. Schmitt
Vernalization sensitivity in Arabidopsis thaliana (Brassicaceae): the effects of latitude and FLC variation
Am. J. Botany, October 1, 2005; 92(10): 1701 - 1707.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Plant CellHome page
K. Choi, S. Kim, S. Y. Kim, M. Kim, Y. Hyun, H. Lee, S. Choe, S.-G. Kim, S. Michaels, and I. Lee
SUPPRESSOR OF FRIGIDA3 Encodes a Nuclear ACTIN-RELATED PROTEIN6 Required for Floral Repression in Arabidopsis
PLANT CELL, October 1, 2005; 17(10): 2647 - 2660.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 DevelopmentHome page
I. R. Henderson, F. Liu, S. Drea, G. G. Simpson, and C. Dean
An allelic series reveals essential roles for FY in plant development in addition to flowering-time control
Development, August 15, 2005; 132(16): 3597 - 3607.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Plant Physiol.Home page
A. Loukoianov, L. Yan, A. Blechl, A. Sanchez, and J. Dubcovsky
Regulation of VRN-1 Vernalization Genes in Normal and Transgenic Polyploid Wheat
Plant Physiology, August 1, 2005; 138(4): 2364 - 2373.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 GeneticsHome page
J. D. Werner, J. O. Borevitz, N. H. Uhlenhaut, J. R. Ecker, J. Chory, and D. Weigel
FRIGIDA-Independent Variation in Flowering Time of Natural Arabidopsis thaliana Accessions
Genetics, July 1, 2005; 170(3): 1197 - 1207.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 DevelopmentHome page
A. Hay and M. Tsiantis
From genes to plants via meristems
Development, June 15, 2005; 132(12): 2679 - 2684.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Plant Physiol.Home page
C. Shindo, M. J. Aranzana, C. Lister, C. Baxter, C. Nicholls, M. Nordborg, and C. Dean
Role of FRIGIDA and FLOWERING LOCUS C in Determining Variation in Flowering Time of Arabidopsis
Plant Physiology, June 1, 2005; 138(2): 1163 - 1173.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USAHome page
J. D. Werner, J. O. Borevitz, N. Warthmann, G. T. Trainer, J. R. Ecker, J. Chory, and D. Weigel
Quantitative trait locus mapping and DNA array hybridization identify an FLM deletion as a cause for natural flowering-time variation
PNAS, February 15, 2005; 102(7): 2460 - 2465.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 GeneticsHome page
S. Jeong and S. E. Clark
Photoperiod Regulates Flower Meristem Development in Arabidopsis thaliana
Genetics, February 1, 2005; 169(2): 907 - 915.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Plant Physiol.Home page
S. D. Michaels, E. Himelblau, S. Y. Kim, F. M. Schomburg, and R. M. Amasino
Integration of Flowering Signals in Winter-Annual Arabidopsis
Plant Physiology, January 1, 2005; 137(1): 149 - 156.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Genes Dev.Home page
J. Liu, Y. He, R. Amasino, and X. Chen
siRNAs targeting an intronic transposon in the regulation of natural flowering behavior in Arabidopsis
Genes & Dev., December 1, 2004; 18(23): 2873 - 2878.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Genes Dev.Home page
Y. He, M. R. Doyle, and R. M. Amasino
PAF1-complex-mediated histone methylation of FLOWERING LOCUS C chromatin is required for the vernalization-responsive, winter-annual habit in Arabidopsis
Genes & Dev., November 15, 2004; 18(22): 2774 - 2784.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USAHome page
A. L. Caicedo, J. R. Stinchcombe, K. M. Olsen, J. Schmitt, and M. D. Purugganan
Epistatic interaction between Arabidopsis FRI and FLC flowering time genes generates a latitudinal cline in a life history trait
PNAS, November 2, 2004; 101(44): 15670 - 15675.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 GeneticsHome page
J. Hagenblad, C. Tang, J. Molitor, J. Werner, K. Zhao, H. Zheng, P. Marjoram, D. Weigel, and M. Nordborg
Haplotype Structure and Phenotypic Associations in the Chromosomal Regions Surrounding Two Arabidopsis thaliana Flowering Time Loci
Genetics, November 1, 2004; 168(3): 1627 - 1638.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Plant CellHome page
R. Amasino
Vernalization, Competence, and the Epigenetic Memory of Winter
PLANT CELL, October 1, 2004; 16(10): 2553 - 2559.
[Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 DevelopmentHome page
I. R. Henderson and C. Dean
Control of Arabidopsis flowering: the chill before the bloom
Development, August 15, 2004; 131(16): 3829 - 3838.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Am. J. Bot.Home page
M. Riihimaki and O. Savolainen
Environmental and genetic effects on flowering differences between northern and southern populations of Arabidopsis lyrata (Brassicaceae)
Am. J. Botany, July 1, 2004; 91(7): 1036 - 1045.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 GeneticsHome page
K. M. Olsen, S. S. Halldorsdottir, J. R. Stinchcombe, C. Weinig, J. Schmitt, and M. D. Purugganan
Linkage Disequilibrium Mapping of Arabidopsis CRY2 Flowering Time Alleles
Genetics, July 1, 2004; 167(3): 1361 - 1369.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Plant Physiol.Home page
I. M. Scott, S. M. Clarke, J. E. Wood, and L. A.J. Mur
Salicylate Accumulation Inhibits Growth at Chilling Temperature in Arabidopsis
Plant Physiology, June 1, 2004; 135(2): 1040 - 1049.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Plant CellHome page
P. K. Boss, R. M. Bastow, J. S. Mylne, and C. Dean
Multiple Pathways in the Decision to Flower: Enabling, Promoting, and Resetting
PLANT CELL, June 1, 2004; 16(suppl_1): S18 - S31.
[Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Plant Physiol.Home page
E. J.M. Clerkx, M. E. El-Lithy, E. Vierling, G. J. Ruys, H. Blankestijn-De Vries, S. P.C. Groot, D. Vreugdenhil, and M. Koornneef
Analysis of Natural Allelic Variation of Arabidopsis Seed Germination and Seed Longevity Traits between the Accessions Landsberg erecta and Shakdara, Using a New Recombinant Inbred Line Population
Plant Physiology, May 1, 2004; 135(1): 432 - 443.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Plant Physiol.Home page
M. E. El-Lithy, E. J.M. Clerkx, G. J. Ruys, M. Koornneef, and D. Vreugdenhil
Quantitative Trait Locus Analysis of Growth-Related Traits in a New Arabidopsis Recombinant Inbred Population
Plant Physiology, May 1, 2004; 135(1): 444 - 458.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USAHome page
J. R. Stinchcombe, C. Weinig, M. Ungerer, K. M. Olsen, C. Mays, S. S. Halldorsdottir, M. D. Purugganan, and J. Schmitt
A latitudinal cline in flowering time in Arabidopsis thaliana modulated by the flowering time gene FRIGIDA
PNAS, March 30, 2004; 101(13): 4712 - 4717.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 ScienceHome page
L. Yan, A. Loukoianov, A. Blechl, G. Tranquilli, W. Ramakrishna, P. SanMiguel, J. L. Bennetzen, V. Echenique, and J. Dubcovsky
The Wheat VRN2 Gene Is a Flowering Repressor Down-Regulated by Vernalization
Science, March 12, 2004; 303(5664): 1640 - 1644.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USAHome page
S. D. Michaels, I. C. Bezerra, and R. M. Amasino
FRIGIDA-related genes are required for the winter-annual habit in Arabidopsis
PNAS, March 2, 2004; 101(9): 3281 - 3285.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant BiolHome page
J. MYLNE, T. GREB, C. LISTER, and C. DEAN
Epigenetic Regulation in the Control of Flowering
Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol, January 1, 2004; 69(0): 457 - 464.
[Abstract] [PDF]


HOME HELP FEEDBACK SUBSCRIPTIONS ARCHIVE SEARCH
ASPB Publications PLANT PHYSIOLOGY® THE PLANT CELL
Copyright © 2003 by the American Society of Plant Biologists