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Published on June 12, 2003; 10.1104/pp.103.022798

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Received February 28, 2003
Returned for revision March 23, 2003
Accepted April 6, 2003

The Function of Ascorbate Oxidase in Tobacco

Cristina Pignocchi , John M. Fletcher , Joy E. Wilkinson , Jeremy D. Barnes , and Christine H. Foyer *

Crop Performance and Improvement Division, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Herts, AL5 2JQ, United Kingdom (C.P., C.H.F.); Unilever Research, Colworth House, Sharnbrook, Bedford, MK44 1LQ, United Kingdom (J.M.F., J.E.W.); and Department of Agricultural and Environmental Science, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, United Kingdom (J.D.B.)

* Corresponding author; email: christine.foyer{at}bbsrc.ac.uk.

The function of the apoplastic enzyme ascorbate oxidase (AO) was investigated in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum). The abundance of AO mRNA was up-regulated by light. Cytosolic ascorbate peroxidase (APX1) transcripts were also highest in the light. In contrast, L-galactono-{gamma}-lactone dehydrogenase, stromal APX, and thylakoid APX transcripts remained constant over the day/night cycle. Salicylic acid inhibited growth, increased expression of the pathogenesis-related protein (PR) 1a, and decreased AO transcript abundance. In contrast, the application of auxin enhanced growth and increased AO and PR 1a gene expression. Therefore, AO transcript abundance varied in a manner similar to hormone-mediated changes in plant growth. To study the effects of modified AO expression on growth, transformed tobacco plants expressing AO in the sense and antisense orientations were generated. The resultant large changes in apoplastic AO activity in the transformed tobacco plants had little effect on whole leaf ascorbate (AA) content, but they had dramatic effects on apoplastic AA levels. Enhanced AO activity oxidized the apoplastic AA pool, whereas decreased AO activity increased the amount of AA compared with dehydroascorbate. A relationship was observed between AO activity and plant height and biomass. Native AO transcript levels were no longer subject to light/dark regulation in AO sense and antisense plants. Taken together, these data show that there is an interaction between hormone, redox, and light signals at the level of the apoplast via modulation of ion of AA content.




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