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Published on August 14, 2003; 10.1104/pp.103.024026

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Received March 21, 2003
Returned for revision June 1, 2003
Accepted June 14, 2003

Overexpression of a Gene Encoding Hydrogen Peroxide-Generating Oxalate Oxidase Gene Evokes Defense Responses in Sunflower

Xu Hu , Dennis L. Bidney , Nasser Yalpani , Jonathan P. Duvick , Oswald Crasta , Otto Folkerts , and Guihua Lu *

Pioneer Hi-Bred International, Inc., 7300 Northwest 62nd Avenue, P.O. Box 1004, Johnston, Iowa 50131 (X.H., D.L.B., N.Y., J.P.D., G.L.); and CuraGen Corporation, 555 Long Wharf Drive, New Haven, Connecticut 06511 (O.C., O.F.)

* Corresponding author; email: Guihua.Lu{at}pioneer.com.

Oxalate oxidase (OXO) converts oxalic acid (OA) and O2 to CO2 and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and acts as a source of H2O2 in certain plant-pathogen interactions. To determine if the H2O2 produced by OXO can function as a messenger for activation of defense genes and if OXO can confer resistance against an OA-producing pathogen, we analyzed transgenic sunflower (Helianthus annuus cv SMF3) plants constitutively expressing a wheat (Triticum aestivum) OXO gene. The transgenic leaf tissues could degrade exogenous OA and generate H2O2. Hypersensitive response-like lesion mimicry was observed in the transgenic leaves expressing a high level of OXO, and lesion development was closely associated with elevated levels of H2O2, salicylic acid, and defense gene expression. Activation of defense genes was also observed in the transgenic leaves that had a low level of OXO expression and had no visible lesions, indicating that defense gene activation may not be dependent on hypersensitive response-like cell death. To further understand the pathways that were associated with defense activation, we used GeneCalling, an RNA-profiling technology, to analyze the alteration of gene expression in the transgenic plants. Among the differentially expressed genes, full-length cDNAs encoding homologs of a PR5, a sunflower carbohydrate oxidase, and a defensin were isolated. RNA-blot analysis confirmed that expression of these three genes was significantly induced in the OXO transgenic sunflower leaves. Furthermore, treatment of untransformed sunflower leaves with jasmonic acid, salicylic acid, or H2O2 increased the steady-state levels of these mRNAs. Notably, the transgenic sunflower plants exhibited enhanced resistance against the OA-generating fungus Sclerotinia sclerotiorum.




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