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Published on November 6, 2003; 10.1104/pp.103.029520

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Received July 3, 2003
Returned for revision August 17, 2003
Accepted September 16, 2003

Distinct Ultraviolet-Signaling Pathways in Bean Leaves. DNA Damage Is Associated with {beta}-1,3-Glucanase Gene Induction, But Not with Flavonoid Formation

Birgit Kucera , Gerhard Leubner-Metzger , and Eckard Wellmann *

Institut für Biologie II, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Schänzlestrasse 1, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany

* Corresponding author; email: eckard.wellmann{at}biologie.uni-freiburg.de.

The enzyme {beta}-1,3-glucanase ({beta}Glu) was found to be strongly induced by ultraviolet (UV-B; 280-320 nm) radiation in primary leaves of French bean (Phaseolus vulgaris). This was demonstrated on the level of gene transcription, protein synthesis, and enzyme activity and was due to the expression of bean class I {beta}Glu ({beta}Glu I). In contrast to other proteins of the family of pathogenesis-related proteins, the induction of {beta}Glu I by UV correlated with the formation of photoreversible DNA damage, i.e. pyrimidine dimer formation. In conditions that allowed photorepair of this damage, {beta}Glu I induction was blocked. Therefore, UV-induced DNA damage seems to constitute a primary signal in the pathway leading to the induction of the {beta}Glu I gene(s). The induction was a local response because in partly irradiated leaves {beta}Glu I was selectively found in leaf parts exposed to UV. Although short wavelength UV ({lambda} < 295 nm) was most efficient in {beta}Glu I induction, longer wavelength UV ({lambda} > 295 nm) as present in natural radiation was still effective. In contrast to UV induction of {beta}Glu I, the induction of flavonoids in bean leaves was optimally triggered by much more moderate fluences from the UV wavelength range no longer effective in {beta}Glu I induction. UV induction of the flavonoid pathway shows no correlation with DNA damage and thus should be mediated via a different signal transduction pathway.




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