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Published on January 22, 2004; 10.1104/pp.103.032318

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Received September 1, 2003
Returned for revision September 26, 2003
Accepted November 10, 2003

Adenylate Gradients and Ar:O2 Effects on Legume Nodules: I. Mathematical Models

Hui Wei , Craig A. Atkins , and David B. Layzell *

Department of Biology, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada K7L 3N6 (H.W., D.B.L.); and Botany, School of Plant Biology, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia 6907, Australia (C.A.A.)

* Corresponding author; email: layzelld{at}biology.queensu.ca.

Mathematical models were developed to test the likelihood that large cytosolic adenylate concentration gradients exist across the bacteria-infected cells of legume nodules. Previous studies hypothesized that this may be the case to account for the unusually low adenylate energy charge (AEC; 0.65) measured in the plant fraction of metabolically active nodules (M.M. Kuzma, H. Winter, P. Storer, I. Oresnik, C.A. Atkins, D.B. Layzell [1999] Plant Physiol 119: 399-407). Simulations coupled leghemoglobin-facilitated O2 diffusion into the infected cell, through bacteroid nitrogenase activity, with the ATP demand for transport and ammonia assimilation in the plant fraction of ureide- and amide-producing nodules. Although large cytosolic adenylate gradients were predicted to exist in both nodule types, amide nodules were predicted to have steeper AEC gradients (0.82-0.52) than ureide nodules (0.82-0.61). The differences were attributed to an additional ATP demand for Asn synthesis in the amide nodule. Simulations for nodules transferred to an Ar:O2 atmosphere predicted a major reduction in the magnitude of adenylate gradients and an increase in the AEC of the plant fraction. Results were consistent with a number of experimental studies and were used to propose an experimental test of the models.




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