Plant Physiology Preview
Published on December 18, 2003; 10.1104/pp.103.032755
Received September 8, 2003
Returned for revision September 30, 2003
Accepted October 12, 2003
A Post Genomic Characterization of Arabidopsis Ferredoxins
Guy Thomas Hanke *, Yoko Kimata-Ariga , Isao Taniguchi , and Toshiharu Hase
Division of Enzymology, Osaka University, 3-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan (G.T.H., Y.K.-A., T.H.); and Department of Applied Chemistry and Biochemistry, Kumammoto University, 2-39-1 Kurokami 860-8555, Japan (I.T.)
* Corresponding author; email: enzyme{at}protein.osaka-u.ac.jp.
In higher plant plastids, ferredoxin (Fd) is the unique soluble electron carrier protein located in the stroma. Consequently, a wide variety of essential metabolic and signaling processes depend upon reduction by Fd. The currently available plant genomes of Arabidopsis and rice (Oryza sativa) contain several genes encoding putative Fds, although little is known about the proteins themselves. To establish whether this variety represents redundancy or specialized function, we have recombinantly expressed and purified the four conventional [2Fe-2S] Fd proteins encoded in the Arabidopsis genome and analyzed their physical and functional properties. Two proteins are leaf type Fds, having relatively low redox potentials and supporting a higher photosynthetic activity. One protein is a root type Fd, being more efficiently reduced under non-photosynthetic conditions and supporting a higher activity of sulfite reduction. A further Fd has a remarkably positive redox potential and so, although redox active, is limited in redox partners to which it can donate electrons. Immunological analysis indicates that all four proteins are expressed in mature leaves. This holistic view demonstrates how varied and essential soluble electron transfer functions in higher plants are fulfilled through a diversity of Fd proteins.
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