Plant Physiology Preview Published on April 9, 2004; 10.1104/pp.103.033696
Received September 22, 2003
Returned for revision December 23, 2003
Accepted January 9, 2004
An Overview of Gibberellin Metabolism Enzyme Genes and Their Related Mutants in Rice
Tomoaki Sakamoto , Koutarou Miura , Hironori Itoh , Tomoko Tatsumi , Miyako Ueguchi-Tanaka , Kanako Ishiyama , Masatomo Kobayashi , Ganesh K. Agrawal , Shin Takeda , Kiyomi Abe , Akio Miyao , Hirohiko Hirochika , Hidemi Kitano , Motoyuki Ashikari , and Makoto Matsuoka *
Field Production Science Center, University of Tokyo, Nishi-Tokyo, Tokyo 188-0002, Japan
Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan
BioResource Center, RIKEN Tsukuba Institute, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0074, Japan
Molecular Genetics Department, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8602, Japan
Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan
* Corresponding author; email: makoto{at}nuagr1.agr.nagoya-u.ac.jp.
To enhance our understanding of GA metabolism in rice (Oryza sativa), we intensively screened and identified 29 candidate genes encoding the following GA metabolic enzymes using all available rice DNA databases: ent-copalyl diphosphate synthase (CPS), ent-kaurene synthase (KS), ent-kaurene oxidase (KO), ent-kaurenoic acid oxidase (KAO), GA 20-oxidase (GA20ox), GA 3-oxidase (GA3ox), and GA 2-oxidase (GA2ox). In contrast to the Arabidopsis genome, multiple CPS-like, KS-like, and KO-like genes were identified in the rice genome, most of which are contiguously arranged. We also identified 18 GA-deficient rice mutants at six different loci from rice mutant collections. Based on the mutant and expression analyses, we demonstrated that the enzymes catalyzing the early steps in the GA biosynthetic pathway (i.e. CPS, KS, KO, and KAO) are mainly encoded by single genes, while those for later steps (i.e. GA20ox, GA3ox, and GA2ox) are encoded by gene families. The remaining CPS-like, KS-like, and KO-like genes were likely to be involved in the biosynthesis of diterpene phytoalexins rather than GAs because the expression of two CPS-like and three KS-like genes (OsCPS2, OsCPS4, OsKS4, OsKS7, and OsKS8) were increased by UV irradiation, and four of these genes (OsCPS2, OsCPS4, OsKS4, and OsKS7) were also induced by an elicitor treatment.
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