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Published on April 30, 2004; 10.1104/pp.103.036632

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Received November 23, 2003
Returned for revision February 10, 2004
Accepted February 25, 2004

Evidence for Apoplasmic Phloem Unloading in Developing Apple Fruit

Ling-Yun Zhang , Yi-Ben Peng , Sandrine Pelleschi-Travier , Ying Fan , Yan-Fen Lu , Ying-Min Lu , Xiu-Ping Gao , Yuan-Yue Shen , Serge Delrot , and Da-Peng Zhang *

China State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, China Agricultural University, 100094 Beijing, China (L.Y.Z., Y.B.P., Y.F., Y.F.L., Y.M.L., X.P.G., Y.Y.S., D.P.Z.); and Unité Mixte de Recherches-6161, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 86022 Poitiers, France (S.P.T., S.D.)

* Corresponding author; email: zhangdp{at}sohu.net.

The phloem unloading pathway remains unclear in fleshy fruits accumulating a high level of soluble sugars. A structural investigation in apple fruit (Malus domestica Borkh. cv Golden Delicious) showed that the sieve element-companion cell complex of the sepal bundles feeding the fruit flesh is symplasmically isolated over fruit development. 14C-autoradiography indicated that the phloem of the sepal bundles was functional for unloading. Confocal laser scanning microscopy imaging of carboxyfluorescein unloading showed that the dye remained confined to the phloem strands of the sepal bundles from the basal to the apical region of the fruit. A 52-kD putative monosaccharide transporter was immunolocalized predominantly in the plasma membrane of both the sieve elements and parenchyma cells and its amount increased during fruit development. A 90-kD plasma membrane H+-ATPase was also localized in the plasma membrane of the sieve element-companion cell complex. Studies of [14C]sorbitol unloading suggested that an energy-driven monosaccharide transporter may be functional in phloem unloading. These data provide clear evidence for an apoplasmic phloem unloading pathway in apple fruit and give information on the structural and molecular features involved in this process.




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