Plant Physiology Preview Published on April 2, 2004; 10.1104/pp.103.037176
Received December 5, 2003
Returned for revision January 21, 2004
Accepted January 21, 2004
Molecular Characterization of Cytokinin-Responsive Histidine Kinases in Maize. Differential Ligand Preferences and Response to cis-Zeatin
Keiko Yonekura-Sakakibara , Mikiko Kojima , Tomoyuki Yamaya , and Hitoshi Sakakibara *
Plant Science Center, RIKEN (The Institute of Physical and Chemical Research), 1-7-22, Suehiro, Tsurumi, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
* Corresponding author; email: sakaki{at}postman.riken.go.jp.
Genes for cytokinin-responsive His-protein kinases (ZmHK1, ZmHK2, and ZmHK3a) were isolated from maize (Zea mays). Heterologous expression of each of the ZmHKs in Escherichia coli having the rcsC and cps::lacZ genetic background conferred cytokinin-inducibility of lacZ expression on the bacteria. In the recombinant E. coli system, ZmHK1 and ZmHK3a were more sensitive to free-base cytokinins than to the corresponding nucleosides; isopentenyladenine was most effective for ZmHK1, while ZmHK2 tended to be most sensitive to trans-zeatin and the riboside. In contrast to a known cytokinin receptor of Arabidopsis (AHK4/CRE1/WOL), all ZmHKs responded to cis-zeatin (cZ), which generally is believed to be inactive or only weakly active. In cultured maize cells, expression of ZmRR1, a cytokinin-inducible response regulator, was induced by cZ as well as by trans-zeatin. These results strongly suggest that maize cytokinin receptors differ in ligand preference, and that cZ is an active cytokinin at least in maize.
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