Plant Physiology Preview
Published on June 1, 2004; 10.1104/pp.103.038109
Received December 19, 2003
Returned for revision January 29, 2004
Accepted March 3, 2004
Type-B Response Regulators Display Overlapping Expression Patterns in Arabidopsis
Michael G. Mason , Jie Li , Dennis E. Mathews , Joseph J. Kieber , and G. Eric Schaller *
Department of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire 03824
Department of Plant Biology, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire 03824
Department of Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
* Corresponding author; email: george.e.schaller{at}dartmouth.edu.
Two-component signaling systems, involving His kinases, His-containing phosphotransfer proteins, and response regulators, have been implicated in plant responses to hormones and environmental factors. Genomic analysis of Arabidopsis supports the existence of 22 response regulators (ARRs) that can be divided into at least two distinct groups designated type-A and type-B. Phylogenetic analysis indicates that the type-B family is composed of one major and two minor subfamilies. The expression of the type-B ARRs was examined by using both reverse transcription-PCR and  -glucuronidase fusion constructs. The major subfamily of type-B ARRs showed particularly high expression in regions where cytokinins play a significant role, including cells in the apical meristem region and in young leaves that would be undergoing cell division. Multiple members within this same subfamily of type-B ARRs were expressed near the root tip with highest expression in the root elongation zone. -Glucuronidase-fusions to full-length ARR2, ARR12, and ARR19 were nuclear localized, consistent with a role in transcriptional regulation. These data suggest that differing expression levels of the type-B ARRs may play a role in modulating the cellular responses to cytokinin.
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