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Published on June 1, 2004; 10.1104/pp.104.038984

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Received January 14, 2004
Returned for revision March 27, 2004
Accepted March 31, 2004

Expression of the Isochrysis C18-{Delta}9 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Specific Elongase Component Alters Arabidopsis Glycerolipid Profiles

Thomas Colin Michael Fraser *, Baoxiu Qi , Salah Elhussein , Sunantha Chatrattanakunchai , Allan Keith Stobart , and Colin Michael Lazarus

School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1UG, United Kingdom
Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Bath BA4 7AY, United Kingdom
National Oilseed Processing Research Institute, University of Gezira, Medani, Sudan

* Corresponding author; email: t.c.m.fraser{at}bristol.ac.uk.

A cDNA isolated from the prymnesiophyte micro-alga Isochrysis galbana, designated IgASE1, encodes a fatty acid elongating component that is specific for linoleic acid (C18:2n-6) and {alpha}-linolenic acid (C18:3n-3). Constitutive expression of IgASE1 in Arabidopsis resulted in the accumulation of eicosadienoic acid (EDA; C20:2n-6) and eicosatrienoic acid (ETrA; C20:3n-3) in all tissues examined, with no visible effects on plant morphology. Positional analysis of the various lipid classes indicated that these novel fatty acids were largely excluded from the sn-2 position of chloroplast galactolipids and seed triacylglycerol, whereas they were enriched in the same position in phosphatidylcholine. EDA and ETrA are precursors of arachidonic acid (C20:4n-6), eicosapentaenoic acid (C20:5n-3), and docosahexaenoic acid (C22:6n-3) synthesized via the so-called {omega}6 {Delta}8 desaturase and {omega}3 {Delta}8 desaturase biosynthetic pathways, respectively. The synthesis of significant quantities of EDA and ETrA in a higher plant is therefore a key step in the production of very long chain polyunsaturated fatty acid in oil-seed species. The results are further discussed in terms of prokaryotic and eukaryotic pathways of lipid synthesis in plants.




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