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Published on August 13, 2004; 10.1104/pp.104.042929

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Received March 31, 2004
Returned for revision June 4, 2004
Accepted June 4, 2004

Herbivore-Induced Defense Response in a Model Legume. Two-Spotted Spider Mites Induce Emission of (E)-{beta}-Ocimene and Transcript Accumulation of (E)-{beta}-Ocimene Synthase in Lotus japonicus

Gen-ichiro Arimura *, Rika Ozawa , Soichi Kugimiya , Junji Takabayashi , and Jörg Bohlmann

Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Botany, and Department of Forest Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6T 1Z3, British Columbia, Canada (G.A., J.B.); Center for Ecological Research, Kyoto University, Otsu 520-2113, Japan (R.O., S.K., J.T.); and CREST of Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kawaguchi 332-0012, Japan (R.O., J.T.)

* Corresponding author; email: garimura{at}ice.mpg.de.

Indirect defense of plants against herbivores often involves the induced emission of volatile infochemicals including terpenoids that attract natural enemies of the herbivores. We report the isolation and characterization of a terpene synthase cDNA (LjE{beta}OS) from a model legume, Lotus japonicus. Recombinant LjE{beta}OS enzyme produced (E)-{beta}-ocimene (98%) and its Z-isomer (2%). Transcripts of LjE{beta}OS were induced in L. japonicus plants infested with two-spotted spider mites (Tetranychus urticae), coinciding with increasing emissions of (E)-{beta}-ocimene as well as other volatiles, (Z)-3-hexenyl acetate and (E)-4,8-dimethyl-1,3,7-nonatriene, by the infested plants. We suggest that LjE{beta}OS is involved in the herbivore-induced indirect defense response of spider mite-infested L. japonicus via de novo formation and emission (E)-{beta}-ocimene. Mechanical wounding of the leaves or application of alamethicin (ALA), a potent fungal elicitor of plant volatile emission, also induced transiently increased levels of LjE{beta}OS transcripts in L. japonicus. However, wounding or ALA did not result in elevated release of (E)-{beta}-ocimene. Differences in volatile emissions after herbivory, mechanical wounding, or treatment with ALA suggest that neither a single mechanical wounding event nor ALA simulate the effect of herbivore activity and indicate that herbivore-induced emission of (E)-{beta}-ocimene in L. japonicus involves control mechanisms in addition to up-regulation of LjE{beta}OS transcripts.




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