Plant Physiology Preview
Published on October 29, 2004; 10.1104/pp.104.047266
Received May 27, 2004
Returned for revision September 16, 2004
Accepted September 16, 2004
AtGA3ox2, a Key Gene Responsible for Bioactive Gibberellin Biosynthesis, Is Regulated during Embryogenesis by LEAFY COTYLEDON2 and FUSCA3 in Arabidopsis
Julien Curaba , Thomas Moritz , Renaud Blervaque , François Parcy , Vered Raz , Michel Herzog , and Gilles Vachon *
Laboratoire de Plastes et Différenciation Cellulaire, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité Mixte de Recherche 5575, Université Joseph Fourier, Centre Etude et de Recherche sur les Macromolécules Organiques B.P. 53, F-38041 Grenoble cedex 9, France
Umea Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-901 83 Umea, Sweden
Institut des Sciences du Végétal, UPR2355 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
Plant Sciences Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
* Corresponding author; email: gilles.vachon{at}ujf-grenoble.fr.
Embryonic regulators LEC2 (LEAFY COTYLEDON2) and FUS3 (FUSCA3) are involved in multiple aspects of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) seed development, including repression of leaf traits and premature germination and activation of seed storage protein genes. In this study, we show that gibberellin (GA) hormone biosynthesis is regulated by LEC2 and FUS3 pathways. The level of bioactive GAs is increased in immature seeds of lec2 and fus3 mutants relative to wild-type level. In addition, we show that the formation of ectopic trichome cells on lec2 and fus3 embryos is a GA-dependent process as in true leaves, suggesting that the GA pathway is misactivated in embryonic mutants. We next demonstrate that the GA-biosynthesis gene AtGA3ox2, which encodes the key enzyme AtGA3ox2 that catalyzes the conversion of inactive to bioactive GAs, is ectopically activated in embryos of the two mutants. Interestingly, both  -glucuronidase reporter gene expression and in situ hybridization indicate that FUS3 represses AtGA3ox2 expression mainly in epidermal cells of embryo axis, which is distinct from AtGA3ox2 pattern at germination. Finally, we show that the FUS3 protein physically interacts with two RY elements (CATGCATG) present in the AtGA3ox2 promoter. This work suggests that GA biosynthesis is directly controlled by embryonic regulators during Arabidopsis embryonic development.
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