Plant Physiology Preview
Published on January 28, 2005; 10.1104/pp.104.053991
Received September 30, 2004
Returned for revision December 16, 2004
Accepted December 17, 2004
Cyanidioschyzon merolae Genome. A Tool for Facilitating Comparable Studies on Organelle Biogenesis in Photosynthetic Eukaryotes
Osami Misumi , Motomichi Matsuzaki , Hisayoshi Nozaki , Shin-ya Miyagishima , Toshiyuki Mori , Keiji Nishida , Fumi Yagisawa , Yamato Yoshida , Haruko Kuroiwa , and Tsuneyoshi Kuroiwa *
Laboratory of Cell Biology and Frontier Project Life's Adaptation Strategies of Environmental Changes, Department of Life Science, College of Science, Rikkyo (St. Paul's) University, Toshima, Tokyo 171-8501, Japan
Department of Biomedical Chemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
* Corresponding author; email: tsune{at}rikkyo.ne.jp.
The ultrasmall unicellular red alga Cyanidioschyzon merolae lives in the extreme environment of acidic hot springs and is thought to retain primitive features of cellular and genome organization. We determined the 16.5-Mb nuclear genome sequence of C. merolae 10D as the first complete algal genome. BLASTs and annotation results showed that C. merolae has a mixed gene repertoire of plants and animals, also implying a relationship with prokaryotes, although its photosynthetic components were comparable to other phototrophs. The unicellular green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii has been used as a model system for molecular biology research on, for example, photosynthesis, motility, and sexual reproduction. Though both algae are unicellular, the genome size, number of organelles, and surface structures are remarkably different. Here, we report the characteristics of double membrane- and single membrane-bound organelles and their related genes in C. merolae and conduct comparative analyses of predicted protein sequences encoded by the genomes of C. merolae and C. reinhardtii. We examine the predicted proteins of both algae by reciprocal BLASTP analysis, KOG assignment, and gene annotation. The results suggest that most core biological functions are carried out by orthologous proteins that occur in comparable numbers. Although the fundamental gene organizations resembled each other, the genes for organization of chromatin, cytoskeletal components, and flagellar movement remarkably increased in C. reinhardtii. Molecular phylogenetic analyses suggested that the tubulin is close to plant tubulin rather than that of animals and fungi. These results reflect the increase in genome size, the acquisition of complicated cellular structures, and kinematic devices in C. reinhardtii.
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