Plant Physiology Preview Published on June 17, 2005; 10.1104/pp.104.059097
Received December 28, 2004
Returned for revision March 10, 2005
Accepted March 22, 2005
The Histidine Kinase Hik34 Is Involved in Thermotolerance by Regulating the Expression of Heat Shock Genes in Synechocystis
Iwane Suzuki *, Yu Kanesaki , Hidenori Hayashi , John J. Hall , William J. Simon , Antoni R. Slabas , and Norio Murata
Division of Cellular Regulation, National Institute for Basic Biology, Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan; Department of Biomechanics, Graduate University of Advanced Studies, Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
Division of Cellular Regulation, National Institute for Basic Biology, Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan; Satellite Venture Business Laboratory, Ehime University, Matsuyama 790-8577, Japan
Satellite Venture Business Laboratory, Ehime University, Matsuyama 790-8577, Japan
School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, University of Durham, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
* Corresponding author; email: iwanes6803{at}biol.tsukuba.ac.jp.
Histidine kinases (Hiks) in Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 are involved in the transduction of signals associated with various kinds of environmental stress. To examine the potential role in thermotolerance of Hiks, we used genome microarray analysis to screen a Hik knockout library for mutations that affected the expression of genes for heat shock proteins. Mutation of the hik34 gene enhanced the levels of transcripts of a number of heat shock genes, including htpG and groESL1. Overexpression of the hik34 gene repressed the expression of these heat shock genes. In addition, the cells with a mutant gene for Hik34 ( Hik34 cells) survived incubation at 48°C for 3 h, while wild-type cells and cells with mutations in other Hiks were killed. However, mutation of the hik34 gene had only an insignificant effect on the global expression of genes upon incubation of the mutant cells at 44°C for 20 min. Quantitative two-dimensional gel electrophoresis revealed that levels of GroES and HspA were elevated in Hik34 cells after incubation of cells at 42°C for 60 min. We overexpressed recombinant Hik34 protein in Escherichia coli and purified it. We found that the protein was autophosphorylated in vitro at physiological temperatures, but not at elevated temperatures, such as 44°C. These results suggest that Hik34 might negatively regulate the expression of certain heat shock genes that might be related to thermotolerance in Synechocystis.
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