Plant Physiology Preview
Published on July 29, 2005; 10.1104/pp.105.063917
Received April 6, 2005
Returned for revision April 28, 2005
Accepted April 30, 2005
Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitors in Maize Endosperm and Their Potential Role in Endoreduplication
Cintia M. Coelho , Ricardo A. Dante , Paolo A. Sabelli , Yuejin Sun , Brian P. Dilkes , William J. Gordon-Kamm , and Brian A. Larkins *
Department of Plant Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721
Pioneer Hi-Bred International, Johnston, Iowa 50131-1004
* Corresponding author; email: larkins{at}ag.arizona.edu.
Two maize (Zea mays) cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitors, Zeama;KRP;1 and Zeama;KRP;2, were characterized and shown to be expressed in developing endosperm. Similar to the CDK inhibitors in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) and tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum), the maize proteins contain a carboxy-terminal region related to the inhibitory domain of the mammalian Cip/Kip inhibitors. Zeama;KRP;1 is present in the endosperm between 7 and 21 d after pollination, a period that encompasses the onset of endoreduplication, while the Zeama;KRP;2 protein declines during this time. Nevertheless, Zeama;KRP;1 accounts for only part of the CDK inhibitory activity that peaks coincident with the endoreduplication phase of endosperm development. In vitro assays showed that Zeama;KRP;1 and Zeama;KRP;2 are able to inhibit endosperm Cdc2-related CKD activity that associates with p13Suc1. They were also shown to specifically inhibit cyclin A1;3- and cyclin D5;1-associated CDK activities, but not cyclin B1;3/CDK. Overexpression of Zeama;KRP;1 in maize embryonic calli that ectopically expressed the wheat dwarf virus RepA protein, which counteracts retinoblastoma-related protein function, led to an additional round of DNA replication without nuclear division.
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