Plant Physiology Preview
Published on July 29, 2005; 10.1104/pp.105.066019
Received May 23, 2005
Returned for revision June 8, 2005
Accepted June 8, 2005
The Potato Virus X TGBp2 Movement Protein Associates with Endoplasmic Reticulum-Derived Vesicles during Virus Infection
Ho-Jong Ju , Timmy D. Samuels , Yuh-Shuh Wang , Elison Blancaflor , Mark Payton , Ruchira Mitra , Konduru Krishnamurthy , Richard S. Nelson , and Jeanmarie Verchot-Lubicz *
Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078
Plant Biology Division, The Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation, Ardmore, Oklahoma 73401
Department of Statistics, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078
* Corresponding author; email: verchot{at}okstate.edu.
The green fluorescent protein (GFP) gene was fused to the potato virus X (PVX) TGBp2 gene, inserted into either the PVX infectious clone or pRTL2 plasmids, and used to study protein subcellular targeting. In protoplasts and plants inoculated with PVX-GFP:TGBp2 or transfected with pRTL2-GFP:TGBp2, fluorescence was mainly in vesicles and the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). During late stages of virus infection, fluorescence became increasingly cytosolic and nuclear. Protoplasts transfected with PVX-GFP:TGBp2 or pRTL2-GFP:TGBp2 were treated with cycloheximide and the decline of GFP fluorescence was greater in virus-infected protoplasts than in pRTL2-GFP:TGBp2-transfected protoplasts. Thus, protein instability is enhanced in virus-infected protoplasts, which may account for the cytosolic and nuclear fluorescence during late stages of infection. Immunogold labeling and electron microscopy were used to further characterize the GFP:TGBp2-induced vesicles. Label was associated with the ER and vesicles, but not the Golgi apparatus. The TGBp2-induced vesicles appeared to be ER derived. For comparison, plasmids expressing GFP fused to TGBp3 were transfected to protoplasts, bombarded to tobacco leaves, and studied in transgenic leaves. The GFP:TGBp3 proteins were associated mainly with the ER and did not cause obvious changes in the endomembrane architecture, suggesting that the vesicles reported in GFP:TGBp2 studies were induced by the PVX TGBp2 protein. In double-labeling studies using confocal microscopy, fluorescence was associated with actin filaments, but not with Golgi vesicles. We propose a model in which reorganization of the ER and increased protein degradation is linked to plasmodesmata gating.
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