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Published on October 28, 2005; 10.1104/pp.105.068064

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Received July 6, 2005
Returned for revision August 22, 2005
Accepted September 1, 2005

Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Specific Modulation of Abscisic Acid Signaling by ROP10 Small GTPase in Arabidopsis

Zeyu Xin , Yihong Zhao , and Zhi-Liang Zheng *

Department of Biological Sciences, Lehman College, City University of New York, Bronx, New York 10468
Department of Biostatistics, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York 10016
Department of Biological Sciences, Lehman College, City University of New York, Bronx, New York 10468; Plant Sciences Ph.D. Subprogram, Graduate School and University Center, City University of New York, New York, New York 10016

* Corresponding author; email: zhiliang.zheng{at}lehman.cuny.edu.

Abscisic acid (ABA) is a hormone that modulates a variety of agronomically important growth and developmental processes and various stresses responses, but its signal transduction pathways remain poorly understood. ROP10, a member of ROP small GTPases in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), is a plasma membrane-associated protein specifically involved in negative regulation of ABA responses. To dissect the ROP10-mediated ABA signaling, we carried out transcriptome analysis using the Arabidopsis full-genome chip. Our analysis revealed a total of 262 and 125 genes that were, respectively, up- and down-regulated (≥2-fold cutoff) by 1 µM ABA in wild type (Wassilewskija [Ws]); 42 up-regulated and 38 down-regulated genes have not been identified in other studies. Consistent with the nonpleiotropic phenotypes of rop10-1, only three genes were altered in rop10-1 in the absence of ABA treatment. In response to 1 µM ABA, 341 and 127 genes were, respectively, activated and repressed in rop10-1. Interestingly, a particular subset of 21 genes that were not altered by 1 µM ABA in Ws but only activated in rop10-1 was identified. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis revealed the existence of three distinct categories of ABA dose-response patterns. One novel category is characterized by their ABA unresponsiveness in Ws and activation in rop10-1 at 1 µM but not 10 and 100 µM of ABA. This indicates that ROP10 gates the expression of genes that are specific to low concentrations of ABA. Furthermore, almost all of these 21 genes are known to be highly induced by various biotic and abiotic stresses. Consequently, we found that rop10-1 enhanced the sensitivity of seed germination inhibition to mannitol and sodium chloride. Our results suggest that ROP10 negatively regulates ABA responses by specifically and differentially modulating the ABA sensitivity of a subset of genes including protein kinases and zinc-finger family proteins.




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